Hydraulic distribution apparatus. Wheeled vehicle steering system Steering care

Work performed during transmission maintenance:

At maintenance -1

The oil should cover the indicator up to mark B (Fig. 3.43). If the oil level is below the specified level, add oil through the filler neck, having first cleared it of dust and dirt.

Checking the oil level in the transfer case housing

To check the oil level:

– raise the left bench seat and secure it with a belt;

– unscrew the oil level indicator and wipe it with a rag;

Insert the indicator all the way into the crankcase and measure the oil level using the maximum level marks on the indicator rod (Fig. 3.44). If it is necessary to refill oil into the transfer case housing, remove the breather cap and fill in oil to the level of the upper mark on the oil level indicator rod.

Checking the oil level in axles

Check the oil level in the first, second and third bridges with an L-shaped square wrench, on which marks of the maximum oil levels are marked (Fig. 3.45).

Check the oil level in the fourth axle with the same L-shaped wrench through the hole in the axle housing, plugged with a conical plug and located near the axle case flange.

Rice. 3.45 Level check Fig. 3.46. Level check

oils in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd axles oils in the 4th axle

Checking the oil level in wheel gears

At maintenance -2

Changing the gearbox oil

To change the oil:

- unscrew the plug 5 located at the bottom of the machine body under the drain plugs of the gearbox housing (Fig. 3.48), and place a container for the drained oil;

– first unscrew the plug, and then the magnetic plug and drain the oil into a substitute container;

– clean the magnetic plug from dirt and metal particles;

– screw the plugs into the gearbox housing drain holes and the plug 5 at the bottom of the car body;

– fill in fresh oil up to mark B of the level indicator (Fig. 3.49) and tighten the filler cap.

Rice. 3.48 Fig. 3.49

Changing the oil in the transfer case

To change the oil:

– unscrew three plugs 4 at the bottom of the car under the crankcase drain holes (Fig. 3.50) RK and place containers for drained oil;

– unscrew the plugs under the right and left bosses and the magnetic plug in the central part of the lower half of the crankcase and drain the oil.

– clean and rinse the magnetic plug;

– tighten all the plugs in the transfer case housing and in the bottom.

– raise the bench seats and secure them with belts;

– remove the breather cap from the oil filler pipe;

– fill the oil to the level of the upper mark of the oil level indicator;

Rice. 3.50 Transfer case

Changing the oil in axles

– put the breather cap on and screw in the oil level indicator.

To avoid screwing the pointer in the wrong direction, you must first wrap it by 2-3 threads by hand, and then tighten it with a wrench.

To change axle oil:

– open the plugs in the floor above the plugs of the filling holes of the first, second and third axles, clean the plugs from dust and dirt and unscrew them one by one;

– clean and remove the plugs 17,2,14,8 (Fig. 3.51) in the bottom under the drain holes of all bridges;

– unscrew the drain plugs from the axle housings one by one, after placing a container under them, and drain the oil;

– screw the drain plugs, and screw the plugs into the bottom of the housing;

– pour oil through the filling holes of the crankcases of the first, second and third axles to the upper mark of the key, and into the fourth axle - through the hole plugged with a conical plug, to the upper mark of the same key;

– tighten the plugs of the filling holes of the first, second and third bridges, close the holes in the floors with plugs and tighten the plug of the filling hole of the fourth bridge.

Rice. 3.51 Fig. 3.52

Clutch release bearing lubrication

Control questions

1. Composition of the BMP-2 power transmission.

2. Purpose, technical characteristics, general structure of the main clutch and its drive.

3. Purpose, technical characteristics, general design of the BMP-2 gearbox and its drive.

4. Purpose, technical characteristics, general structure of the planetary rotation mechanisms (PMP) of the BMP-2 and PMP control drives.

5. Three properties of the planetary gear.

6. Purpose, technical characteristics, general design of the stopping brakes and parking brake of the BMP-2.

7. Purpose, technical characteristics, general structure of the lubrication system and hydraulic control of the BMP-2 power transmission.

8. Purpose, technical characteristics, general final drive device of the BMP-2.

9. Composition of the BTR-80 transmission.

10. Purpose, technical characteristics, general clutch device of the BTR-80.

11. Purpose, technical characteristics, general design of the BTR-80 gearbox.

12. Purpose, technical characteristics, general structure of the BTR-80 transfer case.

13. Purpose, technical characteristics, general design of the BTR-80 drive axles.

14. Purpose, technical characteristics, general design of BTR-80 wheel gearboxes

By the mid-50s, the requirements for armored personnel carriers had increased significantly: they should not be inferior to tanks in cross-country ability, which would allow motorized infantry not only to accompany tank units, but in some cases to go ahead of them. In many countries, such stringent requirements have led to a complete transition to tracked armored personnel carriers (for example, in the USA). However, the capabilities of wheeled armored vehicles had not yet been completely exhausted.

In the Soviet Union, at the end of the 1950s, a number of design teams took on the solution of this problem on a competitive basis. As part of the competition, an amphibious armored personnel carrier ZIL-153 was created: with a 6x6 wheel arrangement, a completely enclosed body, torsion bar suspension, front and rear steered wheels. The afloat movement of this 10-ton vehicle was ensured by a water-jet propulsion system.

A prototype of an armored personnel carrier was presented by Bryansk machine builders. This eight-wheeled combat vehicle, which was supposed to be armed with a 73-mm cannon, is often called a wheeled infantry fighting vehicle. Its main features include hydropneumatic suspension, which made it possible to change the ground clearance by more than 300 mm.

The most successful was the "49" armored personnel carrier, created at the GAZ Design Bureau. In 1959, the vehicle was adopted by the Soviet Army, and in 1961, mass production of armored personnel carriers began, receiving the army designation BTR-60P.

The armored personnel carrier's hull, open at the top, was welded from rolled armor plates. There was a tarpaulin awning for protection from precipitation. The SGMB machine gun of 7.62 mm caliber (ammunition capacity of 1250 rounds) was mounted on a machine mounted on brackets: in the stowed position - on the front plate, in the combat position - on the side or front plates.

The power plant included two 6-cylinder GAZ-40P carburetor engines with a power of 90 hp each, installed parallel in the stern. Each engine drove two drive axles through its own two-stage transfer case. All wheels were equipped with an independent torsion bar suspension and a tire pressure regulation system.

In 1963, the modernized BTR-60PA appeared with a completely sealed, closed-top body with a capacity of 12 people. For the landing there were 4 upper hatches with armored covers. In 1965, improved power plant and power transmission units were used on the BTR-60PA-1.

In the same year, the BTR-60PB version also appeared. The main difference of the latter was the conical turret with a coaxial installation of 14.5 mm KPVT machine guns (500 rounds of ammunition) and 7.62 mm PKT (2000 rounds of ammunition). In addition, the BTR-60PB had new surveillance devices; was replaced by a more advanced series of power plant units. All vehicles of the BTR-60 series were equipped with radio stations R-113 or R-123.

These armored personnel carriers were in service with the Soviet Army and the USSR Navy (marines) for a long time. They can still be found in some parts today.

In 1972, the same design bureau created the BTR-70 armored personnel carrier; four years later its mass production began.

The BTR-70 was a modernization of the BTR-60PB armored personnel carrier. Its main differences were as follows:

more powerful 8-cylinder carburetor (again) GAZ-66 engines with 115 hp each were installed. every; the placement of the paratroopers was changed, they turned to face the sides, which allowed them to fire from their places; lower side hatches for landing troops were cut out; gas tanks are located in isolated compartments; an automatic fire control system was installed; a separate brake drive was introduced, providing independent braking of the first and third pairs of wheels from the second and fourth; a system was installed to disconnect the power transmission from the engine from the driver’s seat, which made it possible to operate on a working one if one engine failed; two generators installed; The height of the car decreased by 185 mm. The armament remained the same as on the BTR-60PB.

BTR-80A

In the front part of the hull there are seats for the driver and commander, behind them are the seats for the paratrooper and gunner. In the troop compartment, parallel to the sides, there are two longitudinal seats for six paratroopers. For personal shooting, there are 7 hatches covered with armored covers.

In addition to the main weapons installed in the turret and the standard weapons of the motorized rifle squad, the following are transported inside the BTR-70 in packs: two Kalashnikov assault rifles, two portable 9K34 Strela-3 air defense systems, one RPG-7 grenade launcher and five rounds for it, two automatic grenade launchers AGS-17 "Flame".

Movement afloat is carried out by water-jet propulsion. The R-123M radio station is mounted on the BTR-70.

The latest production vehicles had turrets that allowed a large angle of vertical weapon guidance. BTR-70 with such a turret took part in the parade on November 7, 1986 in Moscow.

The BTR-70 armored personnel carriers entered service with the Soviet Army, as well as the NNA of the GDR and the Afghan government forces. Currently, these combat vehicles are available in the armies of almost all CIS countries.

Taking into account the experience of combat use of wheeled armored personnel carriers in Afghanistan, the BTR-80 armored personnel carrier was developed. Since 1984, this combat vehicle has been mass-produced.

The general layout of the BTR-80 is similar to its predecessor. The control compartment is located in the front of the housing. It houses the workstations of the vehicle commander and driver. Imaging devices are also installed here to ensure monitoring and driving the car day and night, an instrument panel, controls, a radio station, and an intercom.

The power compartment is located in the rear of the hull and is isolated from the combat compartment by a sealed partition. It contains an engine with a clutch and a gearbox, representing a single power unit, water and oil radiators, heat exchangers, a gearbox oil cooler, an engine pre-heater, a water-jet propulsion unit, a water bilge pump, a filter-ventilation unit, fuel tanks, generators and other equipment.

Engine - KamAZ-7403, eight-cylinder, four-stroke, liquid-cooled, with a V-shaped cylinder arrangement, turbocharged, 260 hp. (191 kW). The use of a highly economical diesel engine made it possible to increase the range compared to the BTR-70 without actually increasing the volume of the main fuel tanks. There is no longer any need for additional containers.

Ukrainian BTR-80

BTR-80A at the Nizhny Novgorod fair

Higher engine torque made it possible to increase the average speed of the machine.

The designers took care of increasing the combat readiness of the armored personnel carrier in the cold season. Thus, at ambient temperatures from -5°C to -25°C, the engine is warmed up by a pre-heater using an electric torch device. The air is also heated by a flame formed from the combustion of diesel fuel in the intake pipes during the starter cranking and initial operation of the engine until it reaches a stable mode.

When overcoming water obstacles, in order to prevent water from entering the engine, high air intake pipes are installed.

The use of one engine on the BTR-80 entailed significant changes to the transmission. The mechanical force is supplied to a five-speed three-way gearbox through a friction dry double-disc clutch with a hydraulic drive. Second, third, fourth and fifth gears are equipped with synchronizers.

Torque from the gearbox is transmitted through the intermediate driveshaft to the transfer case, which is made in two stages, with differential torque distribution to two streams: to the first - third and to the second - fourth axles. A forced locking of the center differential is provided for difficult road conditions (moreover, downshifting and locking of the center differential occur only when the front axles are engaged). And in order to prevent breakdowns when the transmission elements are overloaded (with the differential locked), the transfer case has a friction clutch - a limiting torque clutch.

Power is also taken from the transfer case to the water jet propulsion unit and winch. The box is equipped with two brake mechanisms of the transmission-type parking brake system.

The original design of the transfer case allows the BTR-80 to use, with minor changes, many components and parts of its predecessor, including drive axles, suspension, steering, service brakes, etc.

The high mobility of the BTR-80 is ensured by a powerful engine, drive on all eight wheels, their independent torsion bar suspension, high ground clearance, and a centralized tire pressure control system, thanks to which it is able to follow tanks and overcome trenches and trenches up to 2 m wide on the move.

A centralized tire pressure regulation system ensures high off-road performance comparable to tracked vehicles.

In addition, the BTR-80 can continue to move even if one or even two wheels completely fail. The vehicle will not be damaged if it hits an infantry mine, but even if it explodes with an anti-tank mine it retains mobility, since the energy of the explosion usually damages one of the eight wheels.

The fighting compartment is located in the turret and the middle part of the armored personnel carrier's hull. The standard armament of the vehicle consists of a 14.5 mm KPVT heavy machine gun and a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. The turret installation also houses a day sight, two viewing devices and manual drives for guidance mechanisms in the horizontal and vertical planes. The gunner is located on a suspended seat under the turret.

The sighting range of firing at ground targets from a KPVT machine gun reaches 2000 m, from a PKT - 1500 m. Firing at low-flying, low-speed targets can be carried out from a KPVT machine gun at ranges of up to 1000 m, while the maximum elevation angle of the installation is 60. The rate of fire is KPVT-500-600 RDS/MIN, PKT-700-800 RDS/min, respectively, the ammunition capacity is 500 and 2000 rounds of ammunition in belts placed in cartridge boxes.

The fire capabilities of the BTR-80 are enhanced by the fact that the combat crew can fire personal weapons directly from the vehicle. For this purpose, the armored personnel carrier is equipped with seven embrasures with ball bearings and surveillance devices on the sides of the hull for firing in the frontal and flanking directions, and two on the roof for firing at high-lying targets. From two embrasures you can fire from machine guns, and from two hatches located on the roof, you can throw grenades, fire from hand grenade launchers and anti-aircraft missile systems such as "Strela" and "Igla". To set up smoke screens, there are six installations for launching ZD6 smoke grenades.

All conditions have been created for the crew and troops to carry out combat missions. The sealed body, made of steel armor plates with differentiated angles of inclination, reliably protects the combat crew from 7.62 mm caliber bullets, shell fragments, and the frontal armor, due to its shape, also from 12.7 mm caliber bullets.

BTR-80 in Serbia, 1996

The filter ventilation unit cleans the intake outside air from dust, radioactive and toxic substances and supplies it to the habitable compartment.

Thanks to the presence of four hatches located in the roof of the hull, as well as two double doors on the right and left sides of the vehicle, the crew and landing force of the vehicle can quickly carry out both landing and disembarking. When opened, the lower door leaf forms a step, so that entry and exit can be done while moving.

The armored personnel carrier is equipped with an R-123M VHF radio station for external communications and an R-124 intercom for internal communications. Recently, a more modern tank radio station R-163 and an intercom device R-174 have been installed on the BTR-80.

BTR-80 armored personnel carriers were actively used during the fighting in Afghanistan. Now they are in service with the Russian Army, Internal Troops and Marine Corps. The BTR-80 has earned a reputation as a high-quality vehicle, capable of effectively solving problems in any climatic and road conditions.

Based on the BTR-80, a whole range of vehicles for various purposes has been developed: the BTR-80 command armored personnel carrier; self-propelled artillery gun 2S23 "Nona SVK", supplied to the troops since 1990; armored repair and recovery vehicle BREM-K, put into service at the beginning of 1993, reconnaissance chemical vehicle RKhM-4; unified chassis for command and observation vehicles of commanders of artillery batteries and divisions.

The designers, taking into account many years of operating experience, as well as the ever-increasing range of tasks to be solved, developed and put into production the BTR-80A armored personnel carrier in 1994.

The new combat vehicle retains all the best qualities of the BTR-80 - high mobility, maneuverability, survivability and significantly increased firepower.

The vehicle is armed with a turret-mounted cannon-machine gun mount, designed to combat ground and low-flying air targets. It houses a 30-mm 2A72 automatic cannon and a coaxial 7.62-mm machine gun (PKT) with guidance angles of 360° horizontally and from -5° to +70° vertically.

The cannon and the coaxial machine gun are installed outside the turret, which made it possible to increase the volume of the turret space, improve operator comfort, reduce noise and eliminate gas contamination in the habitable compartments when firing.

The cannon and machine gun are fed by belt feed from magazines attached to the bottom of the turret. The gun's ammunition capacity is 300 rounds (packed in 2 belts: one with high-explosive fragmentation incendiary (HEF) and fragmentation tracer (FR) shells, and the other with armor-piercing tracer (AP) shells). The machine gun's ammunition capacity is 2000 rounds in one belt. Cartridges with OFZ and OT shells are intended for firing at ground and air targets, and cartridges with BT shells are intended for hitting armored targets and firing points.

Aiming the cannon and machine gun at the target is carried out using the 1 PZ-9 day sight and the TPNZ night sight. The target firing range of a cannon during the day with a BT projectile is up to 2000 m, OFZ - up to 4000 m, at night - at least 800 m.

At the operator's workplace there are controls for the mechanisms of reloading, triggering, safety, changing the gun feed (OFZ or BT), locking devices, and inspection devices. There is also a remote control here that allows you to set the rate of fire of the gun: single, small (200 rounds per minute) and large (at least 330 rounds per minute). Thus, depending on the operational situation, the nature and type of targets, the operator can select the type of ammunition (OFZ or BT) and the firing mode.

The combat weight of the vehicle has increased slightly and is 14.5 tons. The height has increased to 2800 mm. All other characteristics remained the same as the BTR-80.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the BTR-80 armored personnel carrier
Combat weight, t......................... 13.6
Crew, people ......................... 10
Overall dimensions, mm:
length........................ 7650
width........................ 2900
height........................ 2350
ground clearance........................... 475
Max. speed, km/h:
on the highway........................ 80
afloat........................9
Power reserve:
on the highway, km........................ 600
afloat........................ 12

The mid-50s were a difficult time for armored personnel carriers of all the armies of the world. Since the new combat tactics required motorized infantry not only to constantly accompany tank formations, but also often to go in front of them. Wheeled armored personnel carriers of those years could not cope with such a task, so in many countries they were completely abandoned in favor of tracked vehicles. The Soviet Union decided to continue the tradition of producing wheeled combat vehicles.

The history of the BTR-80

At the end of the 50s, a number of Soviet design bureaus were tasked with creating a new armored personnel carrier. This vehicle had to keep up with tracked vehicles, and even surpass them in cross-country ability and speed. After the competition was announced, several interesting specimens were created from different manufacturers:

ZIL-153, which had only three pairs of wheels, an armored body and a torsion bar suspension. It turned due to the front and rear wheels, which were movable. This vehicle was capable of not only staying afloat, but also moving through the water using an additional jet engine;
An interesting model was presented by mechanical engineers from Bryansk. The main feature of its device was the hydropneumatic suspension, which could change the ground clearance up to 300 mm. This combat vehicle was planned to be armed with a 73 mm cannon;
The most successful option turned out to be an armored personnel carrier created at the GAZ design bureau. The combat vehicle, called “49”, was put into service already in 1959. In 1961, mass production began. The Gorky armored personnel carrier received a new name - BTR-60P.

The BTR-60P armored personnel carrier received an open-top body made of armor plates. To protect from precipitation, the open top was covered with an awning. The weapon used was the SGMB machine gun, which was installed on the machine. The machine gun could be installed in several positions, since special brackets were provided for this:

When the combat vehicle was moving, the machine gun was mounted on the front plate;
If the armored personnel carrier was in battle, then the machine gun could be mounted either in front or on the side.

In 1963, the BTR-60P was modernized, resulting in a completely enclosed body with 4 hatches for landing troops. In the same year, the BTR-60PB appeared, which received a conical turret with two coaxial machine guns.

After 9 years, a new model of armored personnel carrier was created - the BTR-70. In 1976, it began to be mass produced. The main differences between the BTR-70 and its predecessor were the following changes:

The BTR-70 was equipped with two new engines from the GAZ-66, which developed 115 hp each. every;
Now the paratroopers in the back sat facing the sides, and not their backs, which reduced the preparation time for firing;
Side hatches for paratroopers appeared;
The gas tanks were placed in isolated compartments, which made it possible not to fear severe damage to the armored vehicle if one of the tanks exploded;
An automatic fire protection system for armored personnel carriers was installed;
An independent and separate brake drive appeared, which made it possible to brake if one of the brake systems was damaged;
It became possible, if one engine failed, to drive with a second working one, since the power transmission could be turned off from the driver’s seat;
Now they began to install two generators on the car.

The armament of the BTR-70 was similar to that of the BTR-60PB, only the models of the last years of production were equipped with a new turret, which made it possible to fire from a larger angle. BTR-70s are still in service in many CIS countries.

Technical characteristics and description of BTR-80

After the fighting in Afghanistan, it was decided to release a new model of an armored personnel carrier, the performance characteristics of which would better correspond to the combat missions assigned to this class of armored vehicles. The new model was called BTR-80. Since 1984, this model began to be produced instead of the outdated BTR-70.

The appearance and general layout of the BTR-80 is practically no different from its predecessor, the BTR-70. The commander and driver's workplaces are located in the front part of the armored personnel carrier. All surveillance devices and controls are also installed there.

The engine compartment is isolated from the general compartment by a solid partition. All equipment (engine, gearbox, fuel tanks, etc.) is located behind this partition. The new KAMAZ-7403 engine was equipped with a turbocharger and developed 260 hp. The diesel engine made it possible to significantly reduce fuel consumption, which doubled the range. At the same time, the volume of fuel tanks remained at the same level. Thanks to the higher torque, the speed of the armored personnel carrier increased significantly.

Since a diesel engine is difficult to start at low temperatures, the designers of the BTR-80 installed a pre-start starter on the engine, which uses an electric torch device. To prevent water from entering the engine when overcoming water obstacles, the air intake pipes were installed very high.

Since two engines were previously installed on armored personnel carriers of previous series, the transmission had to be adapted to one engine.

The transfer case transmits power to the winch and the jet engine (which is used to propel the armored personnel carrier on the water). Two parking brakes are installed on the transfer case.

The designers of the BTR-80 tried to make the transfer case so that parts and components from the BTR-70 could be installed on it. In addition, the following components from the previous model are perfectly installed on the BTR-80:

Drive axles;
Suspension elements;
Steering;
Brake system.

All these parts can be installed on the BTR-80 without modification, which is what the designers wanted, since making a completely new conveyor line from scratch is a very expensive undertaking.

The BTR-80 turned out to be a very maneuverable and mobile vehicle. This is due to the following factors:

Powerful engine that provides high dynamics and maneuverability;
All-wheel drive on all 8 wheels;
Independent torsion bar suspension;
High ground clearance;
A tire pressure regulation system, thanks to which the armored personnel carrier can not only follow tanks off-road, but is also significantly ahead of them.

The combat vehicle is capable of driving even if two wheels fail. When hitting a mine, as a rule, only one of the wheels is damaged, after which the armored personnel carrier continues to move.

Armament of the BTR-80

The fighting compartment of the armored personnel carrier is located in the middle of the hull and turret. The armament of the BTR-80 consists of two coaxial machine guns:

KPVT machine gun (Vladimirov heavy machine gun), 14.5 mm caliber. This machine gun is one of the most powerful machine guns ever used in the armies of the world. It combines the armor-piercing power of an anti-tank rifle and the rate of fire of a conventional machine gun. Capable of penetrating lightly armored targets;
7.62-mm PKT machine gun (Tank Kalashnikov machine gun), which is coaxial with the main machine gun.

In addition to machine guns, the turret contains:

Day sight;
Viewing devices;
Manual guidance devices.

The gunner himself sits on a special hanging seat, which is located under the turret. The gunner can accurately fire a heavy machine gun at a distance of about 2,000 meters. With a Kalashnikov machine gun, the sighting range is half that and is 1,000 meters. Also, a large-caliber machine gun is capable of firing at low-flying, low-speed targets, such as helicopters. The rate of fire of the Vladimirov heavy machine gun reaches 600 rounds per minute, and the Kalashnikov machine gun fires at a speed of up to 800 rounds per minute. Ammunition in belts is placed in cartridge boxes and amounts to 500 rounds of ammunition for the KPVT and 2,000 rounds of ammunition for the PKT.

Troops placed in an armored personnel carrier can fire without leaving it, since the BTR-80 is equipped with embrasures. In total, the hull has 7 embrasures, 2 of which allow machine gun fire. Hatches located on the roof are adapted for throwing grenades, firing hand-held missile systems and grenade launchers. There are special devices for launching smoke grenades, which allow you to create a dense smoke screen.

The body of the BTR-80 easily withstands 7.62 mm bullets and shell fragments. Frontal armor, traditionally stronger, can withstand bullets from a heavy machine gun.

The air ventilation system provides the crew and troops of the BTR-80 with reliable protection from toxic and radioactive substances. Thanks to 4 hatches and two double doors, the landing force is capable of landing and disembarking in a matter of seconds. When the lower door leaf is opened, a convenient step is created, allowing entry and exit while moving.

TTX BTR-80 has the following characteristics:

The combat weight of the armored personnel carrier is 13,600 kilograms;
The crew is 10 people;
The maximum speed of the BTR-80 on land is 80 kilometers;
The maximum speed on water is limited to 9 kilometers;
On full tanks, the armored personnel carrier is capable of driving 600 kilometers or swimming 12.

The BTR-80 is capable of solving any combat mission both in the far north and in the desert sands.

Vehicles based on the BTR-80

Based on the BTR-80, a whole series of combat vehicles for various purposes was developed:

Armored personnel carrier for command personnel;
The 2S23 “Nona SVK” self-propelled artillery gun, which was developed in the late 80s and has been supplied to the army since 1990;
Repair and recovery vehicle BREM-K, which is intended for repair units of motorized rifle troops. Its task includes towing and minor repairs of damaged armored personnel carriers and special vehicles based on the BTR-80. For this BREM-K is equipped with all the necessary equipment;
RKhM-4 or reconnaissance chemical vehicle.

In 1994, designers developed a modified model of the BTR-80, which received the index BTR-80A. The new combat vehicle received all the advantages of the previous model, in addition, firepower was significantly increased. Instead of a heavy machine gun, the new vehicle was equipped with a 30-mm automatic cannon. Ammunition is stored in the lower part of the armored personnel carrier's turret and amounts to 300 shells for the cannon and 2,000 for the machine gun. The gun is equipped with high-explosive fragmentation incendiary shells, fragmentation tracer and armor-piercing tracer shells. The first two types of shells can be used to fire at air and ground targets, and armor-piercing shells can hit firing points and armored targets.

To aim the gun at the target, two types of sights are used, day and night vision. During the day, fire from a cannon can be fired at a distance of up to 2,000 meters with armor-piercing shells, and up to 4,000 with high-explosive fragmentation and incendiary shells. The night vision scope is capable of providing an effective range of up to 800 meters at night.

The gunner has all the controls, guidance, reloading, changing types of projectiles and other devices necessary for firing at various targets.

The weight of the new combat vehicle has increased slightly and is 14,500 kilograms. The clearance height of the BTR-80A has been increased to 2,800 mm. The remaining characteristics are no different from the BTR-80.

In 2004, tests of a new model of the BTR-90 armored personnel carrier were completed, serial production of which was to begin in 2011. Unfortunately, in 2011, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation refused to purchase the BTR-90, so this vehicle was never put into mass production.

The BTR-80, which performed well during the war in Afghanistan, is still the main armored personnel carrier of motorized rifle troops. In addition, they are used in the Internal Troops and Marine Corps.

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-1.jpg" alt="> Topic No. 5 “Power plant BTR-80” Lesson No. 1 “General structure of the power plant"> Тема № 5 «Силовая установка БТР-80» Занятие № 1 «Общее устройство силовой установки БТР-80» Учебные вопросы: 1. Назначение и состав силовой установки БТР-80. Техническая характеристика двигателя, его размещение и крепление в машине. Общее устройство и принцип работы механизмов двигателя. 2. Система питания двигателя Кам. АЗ-740. 3 топливом. Назначение, техническая характеристика, общее устройство и принцип работы. 3. Система питания двигателя Кам. АЗ-740. 3 воздухом. Назначение, техническая характеристика, общее устройство и принцип работы.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-2.jpg" alt="> 1 training question: Purpose and composition of the BTR-80 power plant. Technical"> 1 учебный вопрос: Назначение и состав силовой установки БТР-80. Техническая характеристика двигателя, его размещение и крепление в машине. Общее устройство и принцип работы двигателя.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-3.jpg" alt="> Purpose of the power plant The control system is a source of mechanical energy,"> Назначение силовой установки СУ является источником механической энергии, приводящей машину в движение. СУ Размещена в кормовой части корпуса машины в силовом отделении.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-4.jpg" alt="> The BTR-80 power plant includes: 1. Power unit :q"> Силовая установка БТР-80 включает в себя: 1. Силовой агрегат: q двигатель q сцепление в сборе q коробка передач 2. Системы, обслуживающие двигатель: Ш питания топливом Ш питания воздухом Ш смазки Ш охлаждения Ш предпускового подогрева!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-5.jpg" alt=">The power unit is installed on parts and suspension units in the power unit compartment. Power suspension"> Силовой агрегат установлен на деталях и узлах подвески в отделении силовой установки. Подвеска силового агрегата состоит из двух передних, двух задних и одной поддерживающей опор. Передние опоры расположены с обеих сторон картера сцепления. Задние - с обеих сторон блока двигателя. Поддерживающая опора - под передней частью картера коробки передач. Опоры представляют собой крепления с помощь болтов через кронштейны и резиновые подушки к корпусу машины. Продольное смещение силового агрегата предотвращают две тяги, соединяющие кронштейн поддерживающей опоры и поперечину корпуса.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-6.jpg" alt=">The engine is designed to convert the thermal energy of burned fuel into mechanical work. It has rear longitudinal"> Двигатель предназначен для преобразования тепловой энергии сгораемого топлива в механическую работу. Имеет заднее продольное расположение (маховиком вперед)!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-7.jpg" alt="> Engine technical characteristics: Type four-stroke, high-speed diesel, with turbocharger"> Техническая характеристика двигателя: Тип четырехтактный, быстроходный дизель, с турбокомпрессором жидкостного охлаждения Марка Кам. АЗ 740. 3 Число цилиндров 8 Расположение цилиндров V-образное с углом развала 90º Диаметр цилиндра, ход поршня, мм 120 х120 Рабочий объем, л 10, 85 Степень сжатия 16 Максимальная мощность, л. с. 260 Порядок работы цилиндров 1 -5 -4 -2 -6 -3 -7 -8 Порядок нумерации цилиндров со стороны, противоположной маховику Обороты коленчатого вала, об/мин: Шрекомендуемые 1800 -2600 Шмаксимальные 2930 Шминимальные 600 Масса двигателя, кг 1100!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-8.jpg" alt=">The engine is designed to convert the thermal energy of burned fuel into mechanical work. Consists :"> Двигатель предназначен для преобразования тепловой энергии сгораемого топлива в механическую работу. Состоит: ь кривошипно-шатунный механизм; ь механизм газораспределения; ь механизм передач. Продольный разрез двигателя Поперечный разрез двигателя!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-9.jpg" alt=">The crank mechanism is designed to convert the reciprocating movement of the pistons into rotational movement of the crankshaft."> Кривошипно-шатунный механизм предназначен для преобразования возвратно-поступательного движения поршней во вращательное движение коленчатого вала. состоит: а) неподвижные части: - блок цилиндров; - гильзы цилиндров (8 шт.); - головки цилиндров (8 шт.). б) подвижные части: - коленчатый вал; - маховик; - шатунная группа (8 шт.); - поршневая группа (8 шт.).!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-10.jpg" alt="> Fixed parts block"> Неподвижные части блок головки цилиндров Øотлиты из алюминиевого Øчугунный, отлит заодно с сплава верхней частью картера Øимеют полости для ОЖ Øпредставляет собой Øв нижней части жесткую моноблочную V углубления с впускными и -образную конструкцию выпускными отверстиями Øявляется силовым Øна верхней плоскости остовом, к нему крепятся установлен клапанный все детали и узлы механизм двигателя Øкаждая головка закреплена на блоке четырьмя болтами через резиновую прокладку Øклапанный механизм закрыт алюминиевой крышкой, уплотненной прокладкой гильзы цилиндров Øчугунные, мокрого типа, легкосъемные Øдля повышения износоустойчивости и коррозийной стойкости внутри азотируется и хромируется Ø в соединении с блок-картером уплотнены резиновыми кольцами!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-11.jpg" alt="> Moving parts flywheel"> Подвижные части маховик üчугунный, закреплен болтами к торцу коленвала üимеет зубчатый венец для пуска двигателя стартером üна наружной поверхности имеется паз для регулировок систем питания двигателя топливом и воздухом коленчатый вал üстальной, имеет 5 коренных опор и 4 шатунные шейки, соединенные щеками (на щеках напрессованы приливы для гашения инерционных сил) üшатунные шейки полые, внутри коленвала имеются сверления для подвода масла из ГММ к вкладышам!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-12.jpg" alt="> Connecting rod q steel, I-section q machined complete with cover"> Шатун q стальной, двутаврового сечения q обработан в сборе с крышкой (на крышке и шатуне нанесены метки спаренности) q кроме того на крышке выбит номер цилиндра Поршень üвыштампован из алюминиевого сплава üдва верхних кольца- компрессионные, нижнее маслосъемное üс шатуном соединен стальным пустотелым пальцем, осевое перемещение которого ограничено стопорным кольцом!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-13.jpg" alt="> Operating principle of the crankshaft q The piston, sensing the gas pressure in the combustion chamber,"> Принцип работы КШМ q Поршень, воспринимая давление газов в камере сгорания, перемещается вниз (от ВМТ к НМТ) и воздействует через палец на шатун. q Шатун, действуя на шатунную шейку, обеспечивает проворот коленчатого вала (благодаря наличию плеча между шатунной и коренной шейками). q Воспламенение рабочей смеси в цилиндрах в строго определенной последовательности (1 -5 -4 -2 -6 -3 -7 -8) обеспечивает непрерывное враще- ние коленчатого вала. Возвратно-поступательное движение поршней преобразуется во вращательное движение коленчатого вала!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-14.jpg" alt=">The gas distribution mechanism serves to admit air into the cylinders and exhaust exhaust gases. Opening and"> Механизм газораспределения служит для впуска в цилиндры воздуха и выпуска отработавших газов. Открытие и закрытие впускных и выпускных клапанов происходит в строго определенных положениях поршня по отношению к ВМТ и НМТ, которые соответствуют углам поворота коленчатого вала, указанным в диаграмме фаз газораспределения. состоит из: Ш распределительного вала с шестерней привода; Ш толкателей (16 шт.); Ш штанг (16 шт.); Ш коромысел (16 шт.). Ш клапанов впуска и выпуска (8 + 8 шт.);!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-15.jpg" alt="> rocker valve"> коромысло клапан выпуска штанга толкатель клапан впуска распределительный вал с шестерней привода!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-16.jpg" alt="> Principle of operation of the timing belt q When the engine is running, the camshaft receives"> Принцип работы ГРМ q При работе двигателя распределительный вал получает вращение от коленчатого вала через механизм передач. q При вращении распредвала кулачок набегает на толкатель, приподнимает его и через штангу воздействует на коромысло. q Коромысло, поворачиваясь действует на клапан и преодолевая сопротивление пружины, перемещает клапан, открывая входное (выходное) окно. q При сбегании кулачка клапан садится в седло под действием пружины. Открывание и закрывание клапанов происходит в строго определенной последовательности в соответствиии с диаграммой фаз газораспределения.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-17.jpg" alt=">The gear mechanism serves to transmit rotation from the crankshaft to the gas distribution mechanism and mounted"> Механизм передач служит для передачи вращения от коленчатого вала к газораспределительному механизму и навесным агрегатам. Смонтирован в задней крышке блок-картера состоит: Шшестерен; Швалов, осей; Шшкивов; Шклиноременных передач. Крутящий момент передается посредством шестерней к: - распределительному валу ГРМ; - кулачковому валу топливного насоса высокого давления; - компрессору; - насосу гидросистемы; через шкивы и ремни к: - насосу системы охлаждения; - гидромуфте привода вентилятора; - генераторам.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-18.jpg" alt="> 2 training question: Engine power supply system Kam. AZ-740. 3 fuel."> 2 учебный вопрос: Система питания двигателя Кам. АЗ-740. 3 топливом. Назначение, техническая характеристика, общее устройство и принцип работы.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-19.jpg" alt="> Fuel tanks Serve for storing and transporting fuel to"> Топливные баки Служат для хранения и транспортирования топлива в машине. q установлены в корме по левому и правому бортам машины, крепятся к корпусу стяжными лентами. q для слива отстоя и топлива имеют клапаны слива q заправочные горловины соединены с корпусом резиновыми рукавами, в заправочной горловине установлен стержневой указатель уровня топлива q соединение с атмосферой осуществляется через воздушный фильтр q забор топлива осуществляется через топливоприемные трубки с сетчатыми фильтрами!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-20.jpg" alt=">Fuel meters are designed to control fuel in fuel tanks."> Топливомеры предназначены для контроля топлива в топливных баках. Электрический указатель расположен на щитке приборов м/в Переключатель имеет два положения: левое – при замере топлива в левом баке правое – при замере топлива в правом баке Стержневые указатели уровня топлива, расположены в заправочных горловинах. Датчики уровня топлива установлены в топливных баках.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-21.jpg" alt="> Fuel valves Two are installed on the power partition"> Топливные краны Два установлены на перегородке силового отделения со стороны боевого отделения (у правого борта). Привод обоих кранов сблокирован, поэтому переключение их на любой из баков выполнять одной рукой (на перегородке имеется инструкционная табличка) Нижний кран служит для переключения забора топлива из левого или правого баков; Верхний кран служит для слива излишков топлива из системы в тот бак, из которого происходит забор. третий для подвода топлива к подогревателю Крепится на правом блоке цилиндров двигателя. Верхний кран Нижний кран!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-22.jpg" alt="> The coarse filter is designed for pre-cleaning of incoming fuel"> Фильтр грубой очистки предназначен для предварительной очистки топлива, поступающего в топливный насос низкого давления. Сетчатый. Установлен на кронштейне (в силовом отделении) правого борта. Топливо из бака поступает в стакан, крупные частицы и вода собираются в нижней части стакана, из верхней части топливо через сетку подается к топливному насосу низкого давления корпус уплотнительное кольцо фильтрующий элемент успокоитель стакан сливная пробка!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-23.jpg" alt="> Double fine filter. Serves for final fuel purification,"> Фильтр тонкой очистки Сдвоенный. Служит для окончательной очистки топлива, поступающего в ТНВД, а также для сбора и удаления воздуха из системы. Установлен на двигателе в самой высокой точке системы питания для сбора и удаления в бак проникающего в систему воздуха вместе с частью топлива, через клапан-жиклер. Крепится сзади к правому блоку. клапан-жиклер корпус Фильтрующий элемент пружина сливная пробка стаканы!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-24.jpg" alt="> Plunger type injection pump, designed to supply"> ТНВД Плунжерного типа, предназначен для подачи через форсунки в цилиндры двигателя в определенные моменты времени строго дозированных порций топлива под высоким давлением. Установлен в развале блок - картера двигателя. всережимный регулятор Состоит из: насосная секция q корпуса q кулачкового вала рейка АМОПТ q 8 насосных секций q всережимного регулятора q рейки с поводками q автоматической муфты опережения впрыска топлива (АМОПТ) Кулачковый вал и АМОПТ получают вращение от коленчатого вала двигателя через МП. Вал имеет 8 кулачков для привода насосных секций. Каждый кулачок обеспечивает работу корпус одной насосной секции. Смазка ТНВД осуществляется под давлением от общей системы смазки двигателя. кулачковый вал!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-25.jpg" alt="> Pump section to the nozzle It is a piston type pump"> Насосная секция к форсунке Представляет собой насос поршневого типа включающий поршень особой формы (плунжер) и цилиндр (гильзу). Плунжер и гильза образуют ПЛУНЖЕРНУЮ ПАРУ. ü в стенке гильзы выполнено отверстие для подвода топлива внутрь ü боковая поверхность плунжера имеет винтовую канавку для регулирования порции топлива Плунжер совершает возвратно-поступательное движение под действием кулачка вала и пружины. Для увеличения (уменьшения) подачи топлива плунжер поворачивают рейкой насоса, соединенной с приводом подачи топлива Плунжерная пара: 1 – плунжер; 2 – гильза; а – винтовая канавка плунжера.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-26.jpg" alt="> Closed-type nozzle, with multi-jet nozzle and hydraulically controlled needle Serves for submissions"> Форсунка закрытого типа, с многоструйным распылителем и гидравлически управляемой иглой Служит для подачи порции топлива в камеру сгорания в мелкораспыленном виде под высоким давлением (180 ± 5 кгс/см 2). Работа форсунки: штуцер Ø топливо к форсунке подается от насосной секции ТНВД через штуцер Ø далее по каналам корпуса топливо корпус поступает между корпусом распылителя и пружина иглой Ø отжимая иглу, топливо впрыскивается в цилиндр Ø избытки топлива через зазор между иглой и корпусом отводятся на слив штанга распылитель игла!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-27.jpg" alt=">The speed controller is all-mode, direct action changes the amount of fuel supplied into cylinders, into"> Регулятор частоты вращения - всережимный, прямого действия изменяет количество топлива, подаваемого в цилиндры, в зависимости от нагрузки, поддерживая заданную частоту. Работа регулятора Регулятор представляет собой две муфты, между которыми установлены 2 центробежных грузика. Ведущая муфта (державка) получает вращение от кулачкового вала ТНВД. Ведомая муфта (подвижная) соединена с рейками ТНВД. ü при работе двигателя державка с грузиками вращается ü при увеличении (уменьшении) скорости вращения коленвала (на спуске или подъеме) грузики расходятся (сходятся), перемещают подвижную муфту ü муфта через рычаги перемещает рейки ТНВД, которые проворачивают плунжеры в сторону уменьшения (движение на спуске)или увеличения (на подъеме) подачи топлива Таким образом, регулятор автоматически поддерживает установленные механиком- водителем число оборотов коленчатого вала, переводя рейки в сторону увеличения или уменьшения подачи топлива при изменяющейся нагрузке.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-28.jpg" alt="> Injection pump regulator cover 1 - regulator control lever 2 - bolt"> Крышка регулятора ТНВД 1 - рычаг управления регулятором 2 - болт ограничения минимальной частоты вращения 3 - рычаг остановки 4 - пробка заливного отверстия 5 - болт регулировки пусковой подачи 6 - болт ограничения хода рычага остановки 7 – болт ограничения максимальной частоты вращения 55, 3 -55, 7 мм 5 6 Перед БТР 0, 8 -1, 0 мм 4 3 2 1 7!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-29.jpg" alt=">The automatic fuel injection advance clutch changes the start of fuel delivery depending on"> Автоматическая муфта опережения впрыска топлива изменяет начало подачи топлива в зависимости от частоты вращения коленчатого вала двигателя (для обеспечения полного сгорания горючей смеси в начале такта рабочего хода, при изменении скорости движения поршня). Муфта центробежного типа, установлена на носке кулачкового вала ТНВД!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-30.jpg" alt="> Clutch device: Gear"> Устройство муфты: Шестерня Грузик Сервопоршень Пружина Кулачковый привода измерителя Пружина сервопоршня вал ТНВД скорости золотника Золотник центробежная сила Работа муфты: 1. Обороты минимальны: - центробеж. силы малы, золотник в кр. лев. полож. , закрывает подвод масла в бустер. 2. Обороты увеличились: - грузы разошлись, золотник сместился вправо и открыл подвод масла в бустер; - сервопоршень смещается вправо, закрывает подвод масла и фиксируется; - относительное осевое смещение косых шлиц поворачивает кулачковый вал ТНВД 3. Обороты упали: - грузы сходятся, золотник своей пружиной смещается влево и открывает слив масла из бустера; - давление падает и сервопоршень своей пружиной смещается влево, поворачивая вал ТНВД!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-31.jpg" alt="> Low pressure fuel pump (LPFP) Piston type, designed to supply fuel"> Топливный насос низкого давления (ТННД) Поршневого типа, предназначен для подачи топлива от бака через фильтры грубой и тонкой очистки к впускной полости ТНВД. Насос установлен на задней крышке регулятора и приводится в действие от эксцентрика кулачкового вала ТНВД. корпус перепускной клапан поршень пружина впускной клапан толкатель эксцентрик!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-32.jpg" alt="> Manual fuel priming pump Piston type, designed for pumping the system with fuel"> Ручной топливоподкачивающий насос Поршневого типа, предназначен для прокачки системы топливом и удаления из нее воздуха перед пуском. поршень насоса Насос закреплен на фланце ТННД. пружина клапана впускной клапан!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-33.jpg" alt="> Operating principle of the engine fuel supply system"> Принцип работы системы питания двигателя топливом ТННД фильтр тонкой очистки ручной топливоподка ТНВД чивающий насос кран переключения топливных баков фильтр грубой очистки!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-34.jpg" alt="> FUEL SUPPLY CONTROL DRIVE is used to: q change the amount of fuel supplied"> ПРИВОД УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОДАЧЕЙ ТОПЛИВА служит для: q изменения количества топлива, подаваемого в цилиндры двигателя; q установки постоянной частоты вращения коленчатого вала двигателя; q прекращения подачи топлива при остановке двигателя. Состоит: Øпедаль Øмеханизм ручного привода Øмеханизм отключения привода управления подачей топлива Øсистема тяг, рычагов и валиков!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-35.jpg" alt="> Fuel control drive shut-off mechanism Designed to stop the engine when triggered"> Механизм отключения привода управления подачей топлива Предназначен для остановки двигателя при срабатывании системы ППО. Принцип работы: q при срабатывании системы ППО электромагнит втягивает шток q шарики проваливаются внутрь втулки q рычаги разблокируются и под действием пружины рычаг управления топливным регулятором устанавливается в положение нулевой подачи – подача топлива прекращается, двигатель глохнет.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-36.jpg" alt="> 3 study question: Engine power system Kam. AZ-740. 3 air."> 3 учебный вопрос: Система питания двигателя Кам. АЗ-740. 3 воздухом. Назначение, техническая характеристика, общее устройство и принцип работы.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-37.jpg" alt=">The engine air supply system is designed to: Øtake air from the atmosphere Øclean it from"> Система питания двигателя воздухом предназначена для: Øотбора воздуха из атмосферы Øочистки его от пыли Øраспределения по цилиндрам состоит: Ш воздушный фильтр Ш индикатор засоренности воздушного фильтра Ш воздуховод Ш устройство для пылеудаления Ш турбокомпрессоры Ш впускные коллекторы Ш устройство для выпуска отработавших газов!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-38.jpg" alt="> Air filter Dry type, two-stage, with inertia grille,"> Воздушный фильтр Сухого типа, двухступенчатый, с инерционной решеткой, с автоматическим отсосам пыли и сменным картонным фильтроэлементом. Предназначен для очистки поступающего в двигатель воздуха. входной патрубок Установлен в силовой отделении корпус с крышкой Имеет во внутренней на нише правого части инерционную четвертого колеса. решетку (пылеотбойник), являющуюся первой ступенью очистки воздуха с отсосом пыли фильтрующий элемент патрубок системы выходной патрубок отсоса пыли!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-39.jpg" alt="> Air filter clogged indicator The indicator is installed on the screen of the air intake pipe, with a hose"> Индикатор засоренности воздушного фильтра Индикатор установлен на экране воздухозаборного патрубка, шлангом и трубкой соединен с приемной трубой. Индикатор представляет собой полый цилиндр, внутри которого помещен сигнальный флажок. Принцип работы: по мере засорения фильтра, в приемной трубе возрастает разряжение. При достижении разряжения 700 мм вод. ст. индикатор срабатывает, красный флажок закрывает окно индикатора воздуховод индикатор засоренности фильтра!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-40.jpg" alt=">The dust removal device is designed to suck dust from the first stage of the air filter and emission"> Устройство для пылеудаления предназначено для отсоса пыли из первой ступени воздушного фильтра и выброса ее в атмосферу. эжекторы üрасположены на выпускных патрубках глушителей üсоединены с фильтром системой трубопроводов через клапан предотвращает попадание воды и выхлопных газов в фильтр при погружении кормы в воду Имеет два положения: ОТКРЫТ и ЗАКРЫТ. Клапан закрывать только при движении на плаву. После преодоления водной преграды ЗАКРЫТЬ. рукоятка клапана Расположена с правой стороны перегородки отделения СУ со стороны боевого отделения!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-41.jpg" alt="> Turbochargers Serve to force an increased charge of air into"> Турбокомпрессоры Служат для принудительной подачи увеличенного заряда воздуха в цилиндры двигателя за счет использования энергии отработавших газов. Установлены на выпускных коллекторах по одному на каждый ряд цилиндров. Турбокомпрессор представляет собой фигурный металлический корпус, разделенный перегородкой на две изолированные полости - газоходную и воздушную. В корпусе на подшипниках установлен вал, на концах которого установлены: в газоходной полости - колесо турбины, в воздушной - колесо компрессора. Принцип работы: Øиз выпускных коллекторов газы поступают на колесо турбины, заставляя его вращаться и через систему выпуска выбрасывается в атмосферу Øвращающийся момент с колеса турбины передается на колесо компрессора, которое нагнетает очищенный воздух в цилиндры двигателя Смазка подшипника турбокомпрессора – под давлением от общей системы смазки. Сливается масло в картер маховика через отверстие в корпусе и соединительные патрубки.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-42.jpg" alt="> Intake manifolds Serve to supply air to the intake"> Впускные коллекторы Служат для подвода воздуха к впускным каналам головок цилиндров. Коллектор представляет собой алюминиевую отливку с четырьмя боковыми патрубками, которыми он крепится к головкам цилиндров. К торцевому фланцу коллектора крепится турбокомпрессор (воздушной полостью). правый впускной трубопровод левый впускной трубопровод объединительный патрубок!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-43.jpg" alt="> OPERATION OF THE AIR SUPPLY SYSTEM. q Air enters through the air intake for cleaning"> РАБОТА СИСТЕМЫ ПИТАНИЯ ВОЗДУХОМ. q Воздух через воздухозаборник поступает для очистки в первую ступень фильтра. q В результате резкого изменения направления потока в инерционной решетке крупные частицы пыли отделяются и под действием разря- жения в шланге выбрасываются в атмосферу. q Очищенный в первой ступени воздух, поступает во вторую ступень, где проникая через поры картона, очищается от мелких частиц пыли. q Очищенный воздух через пат- рубок, турбокомпрессоры поступает во впускные воздухопроводы, где распределяется по цилиндрам!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-44.jpg" alt="> Exhaust gas release device Designed to release exhaust gases into the atmosphere,"> Устройство для выпуска отработавших газов Предназначено отвода в атмосферу отработавших газов, снижения шума, их выпуска и отсоса пыли из воздушного фильтра. эжекторы приемные трубы выпускные глушители пылеудаления с гибкими коллектора металлорукавами!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/36195236_347739971.pdf-img/36195236_347739971.pdf-45.jpg" alt="> Assignment for independent work: Study: 1. Armored weapons. Textbook . –"> Задание для самостоятельной работы: Изучить: 1. Бронетанковое вооружение. Учебник. – М. : ВИ, 1991. с. 103 -117, 149 -164. 2. Бронетранспортер БТР-80. ТО и ИЭ – М. : ВИ, 2001. с. 118 -168; 3. Бронетанковое вооружение. – Новосибирск: НВВКУ, 2009. с. 71 -86, 108 -121, 126 -132. Самостоятельная работа № 8 «Силовая установка БТР» Класс СР, 2 часа. Тема и место проведения следующего занятия: Т 5/2 « Системы, обеспечивающие работу двигателя Кам. АЗ-740. 3» групповое занятие – 2 часа, класс № 210.!}

ADJUSTING WHEEL TOEING OF BTR-80

Postnikov Alexander Alexandrovich 1, Parkhomenko Alexander Viktorovich 2, Volkov Yuri Ivanovich 3, Gumelev Vasily Yurievich 4
1 Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School named after Army General V.F. Margelova, adjunct
2 Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School named after Army General V.F. Margelova, associate professor
3 Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School named after Army General V.F. Margelova, associate professor
4 Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School named after Army General V.F. Margelova, Ph.D. tech. sciences

annotation
The presented article discusses the procedure for adjusting the wheel alignment of the BTR-80 armored personnel carrier, the frequency of the operation, the performers of the work and the tool used.

ADJUSTMENT OF THE CONVERGENCE OF WHEELS OF THE BTR-80

Postnikov Alexander Alexandrovich 1, Parhomenko Alexander Viktorovich 2, Volkov Yuriy Ivanovich 3, Gumelev Vasiliy Yuryevich 4
1 Ryazan High Airborne Command School named after the General of the Army V.F. Margelov, adjunct
2 Ryazan High Airborne Command School named after the General of the Army V.F. Margelov, associate professor
3 Ryazan High Airborne Command School named after the General of the Army V.F. Margelov, associate professor
4 Ryazan High Airborne Command School named after the General of the Army V.F. Margelov, candidate of technical sciences

Abstract
The paper presents the procedure for adjustment of the convergence of wheels BTR-80, the frequency of operation, the contractors and use the tool.

At the Department of Operation of Weapons and Military Equipment of the RVVDKU, much attention has been and continues to be paid to the development of teaching materials not only on the features of the maintenance of the BTR-80 armored personnel carrier, but also on some issues related to the design of the vehicle. A number of materials were published as articles in various journals, including electronic ones. In some teaching aids, cadets were co-authors. All the publications listed above are freely available, since they themselves or information about them are posted in the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU. The goal is to help trainees study more deeply the issues of operating the BTR-80, and to provide graduates of the school with the necessary methodological support in the performance of official duties.

This publication is devoted to checking and adjusting the toe-in of the steered wheels of the BTR-80, which is the most important maintenance operation for the vehicle, since it is this operation that ensures the controllability of the armored personnel carrier when driving on land and afloat. In addition, if the alignment is incorrect, wear on the steering axle tires increases significantly. Wheel alignment must be checked every 2000 km of the vehicle when performing regular maintenance No. 1 (TO-1) of the BTR-80. If the check shows that the wheel toe value does not meet the requirements of the technical documentation, then it must be adjusted.

What is meant by the term “car controllability”? Controllability is a property of a car that characterizes its ability to easily change the direction of movement when the driver turns the steering wheel, as well as the ability to maintain a given direction of movement. The vehicle's controllability is largely determined by the toe-in and camber of the steered wheels, that is, the wheels driven by the steering of the armored personnel carrier. Let us recall that the BTR-80 has steered wheels on its two front axles, which, like all four axles of the vehicle, are driven.

Wheel toe is usually called the angle between the given direction of movement of the machine and the plane of rotation of the steered wheel. In accordance with Figure 1, toe is the difference between the measured values A1 and A2 (Figure 1).

Moreover, if A2 is greater than A1, then the convergence is usually called positive, but if A1 is greater than A2, then the convergence is negative.

Figure 1 – Steered wheels of the first or second bridge of the BTR-80 armored personnel carrier, viewed from above

In the case when the toe-in of the steered wheels does not meet the parameters established by the technical specifications, the stability of the armored personnel carrier, its controllability deteriorate and the wear of the tires of the vehicle's steered axles increases significantly.

The armored personnel carrier is controlled by turning the steered wheels of the two front axles not only when driving on land, but also afloat. While afloat, simultaneously with the steering wheels, the direction of movement of the BTR-80 is also set by turning the water rudders of the steering unit and its dampers.

Wheel alignment that meets the specified technical conditions is the most important factor in the stability of an armored personnel carrier when driving on land. The toe-in of the steered wheels of the BTR-80 is determined by the difference of two distances. The first is the distance between the outer edges of the wheel rims in their rear position and the second is the distance between the edges of the wheel rims in their forward position. Distances are measured at the wheel center height between the same rim points. To do this, the car must drive forward such a distance that the points on the rim edges marked during the first measurement rotate 180̊. If the difference differs from the established specifications, then the toe requires adjustment.

Checking and adjusting alignment in a military unit is carried out only by specialists from the repair company of the military unit.

At the maintenance and repair point (MRP) of the military unit, in the area of comprehensive maintenance and routine repair of wheeled vehicles, a technical diagnostic post is equipped. At the post there is a special ruler designed to check the toe-in of the steered wheels and its adjustment (Figure 2).

Figure 2 – Sliding (telescopic) ruler for checking the amount of toe-in and camber of the steered wheels of combat and special wheeled vehicles, as well as cars

Note that the amount of wheel toe-in, as well as wear of the tires of an armored personnel carrier, is strongly influenced by the condition of the rubber suspension bushings, the presence of play in the bearings of the hubs of wheel reducers and in the pivot joints of their steering knuckles.

In addition to the sliding ruler, when checking when adjusting the wheels, the following tool is also used: : wrench 22×24 mm, ring wrench 17×19 mm, adjustable wrench, as well as, if necessary, other diagnostic station equipment.

Before checking wheel alignment, you should check:

Condition and tightening of rubber suspension bushings,

Absence of play in the pivot joints of the steering knuckles of wheel reduction gears and in the bearings of the hubs of their driven gears;

Tightening the attachment of the bipod and the pendulum arm;

The condition and tightening of the connection of the pin cones of the ball joints of the steering rods (Figure 3).

Wheel rods 4 transmit forces from levers 7 directly to the steered wheels. The wheel links in their middle part are made with a hexagonal cross-section, which makes them easier to rotate using a tool to change the length if wheel toe adjustment is necessary. The shell in the form of a wire frame reliably protects the protective rubber caps of the ball ends of the wheel rods 14 from mechanical damage (Figure 3)

The ends of the wheel rods have different (right and left) thread directions for connecting to the rod and the opposite location of the grease nipples on them.

Figure 3 – Steering

Checking and adjusting the toe-in of the steered wheels should be carried out only on a flat horizontal platform with an air pressure in the tires of 3 kgf/cm 2 and in the position of the wheels for straight movement.

The alignment check is carried out in the following sequence:

Measure the distance between the edges of the wheel rims (the inner edges of the tires) at a diameter of about 800 mm in front at a height of 450 mm from the surface of the site (Figure 4) and mark with chalk or a marker on each wheel the place where the sliding ruler bar touches;

Figure 4 – Measuring the distance between the inner edges of the tires in front of an armored personnel carrier at a diameter of about 800 mm

If the difference between the measurements does not correspond to the required value, then the wheel toe should be adjusted and the wheel toe of the steered axles should be set to the same toe within the specified limits. For this purpose, when adjusting, it is necessary to shorten all four wheel rods of the steered wheels of the machine by the same amount (within the limits of turning the hexagons by 1.5-2 edges). In this case, all four steered wheels will converge at angles of equal magnitude.

Figure 5 – Re-measure the distance between the marked points on the inner edges of the tires after the machine has been moved forward

Figure 6 – The difference between the first measurement A1 and the second measurement A2 should be in the range from 5 to 7 mm

The adjustment sequence is as follows:

Loosen the bolts 7 (Figure 3) of the ends of all four wheel rods of both front steer axles and, by rotating the hexagons of the rods 3, install all four wheels parallel to the plane of the longitudinal axis of the machine. Check the accuracy of the wheels in the indicated position using a cord stretched at the level of the wheel axles. All four wheels of one side must be parallel to the cord or touch it at two points;

Measure the distance between the inner edges of the tires at a diameter of about 800 mm in front at a height of 450 mm (Figure 4) and mark with chalk or a marker the places where the rod touches the sliding ruler to check the wheel alignment;

After this, move the car forward so that the wheels turn 180 and the marks are at the rear at the same height. Re-measure the distance between the marked points (Figure 5). The difference between measurements A1 (first) and A2 (second) should be in the range from 5 to 7 mm, that is, the distance measured between the rear points after the machine has been moved forward should be 5-7 mm greater than the distance between the same points, but in front of the steered wheels (Figure 6). If the difference between the two measurements taken is not within the above limits, then the wheels should be tightened by turning the corresponding pair of wheel rods of each steered axle the same size.

When checking wheel alignment, which is performed for the purpose of self-control by outer diameter points wheel rims, the difference between these measurements should be in the range from 3.5 to 4.5 mm. After adjustment, the tie rod end bolts must be firmly tightened and securely secured with cotter pins.

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