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Presentation on the topic: Republic of Poland Brief information: Area - 312,685 km2 Population - 38.6 million people. Capital - Warsaw State system - republic National currency - zloty GDP - 4910 US dollars (per capita)

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History of Poland The date of creation of the first Polish state is considered to be 966. Poland became a kingdom in 1025, and in 1569 united with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1795, as a result of three partitions, when the territory was divided between Prussia, Austria and Russia, the Polish state ceased to exist. Poland regained its independence in 1918 after World War I, but was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1939. After the war, Poland became a socialist republic dependent on the USSR. In 1989, changes took place in the political system and the transition to a market economy. Poland 992-1025

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Geographical location Poland belongs to the Eastern subregion. Her GP is quite favorable. Poland has extensive access to the Baltic Sea, which provides connections with other countries. Poland is located at the intersection of important trade routes, which allows it to charge transit duties.

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Geographical location Poland borders on seven countries: Russia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus, Slovakia, Germany, Czech Republic. In the north there are plains, beautiful beaches, many lakes, in the south there are mountains and forests.

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Economy Poland is a former socialist country, so its economy was seriously affected by the political changes that occurred in the early 90s. So, at this time a wave of privatization began, during which the bulk of state property passed into private hands. Poland has high unemployment (18% in 2004, but only 6.5% in 2008). Agriculture suffers from a lack of investment, an abundance of small farms and redundant staff. Poland is an industrial-agrarian country.

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Economy and resources In Poland, mining is carried out: Hard and brown coal (Upper Silesian basin) Natural gas (minor volumes) Sulfur; Table salt; Ore, copper, zinc; Logging; Amber. Coal

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Production The main branches of specialization are: Mechanical engineering Ferrous and non-ferrous (large zinc production) metallurgy Chemical Textile and clothing Cement Production of porcelain and earthenware Production of sporting goods (yachts, tents, etc.).

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General information. The country's territory is 312,679 square meters. km (69th in the world and ninth in Europe). Population: 38 million people (33rd in the world). The average population density is 328 people per km². The date of creation of the first Polish state is considered to be 966. The urban population is 61%. The official language is Polish. The official currency of the country is the zloty. The capital is Warsaw.

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Poland covers an area of 312,679 km², according to this indicator the country is 69th in the world and 9th in Europe. Population: 38 million people (33rd in the world). The country is divided into 16 voivodeships, which in turn are divided into powiats (districts) and communes (parishes).

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State structure. The Republic of Poland is a state with a republican system. The state legislative bodies are the Sejm and the Senate. The Sejm consists of 460 deputies elected for a four-year term. The Senate consists of 100 deputies who are elected for the term of office of the Sejm. The executive branch is represented by the president and the council of ministers. The head of state is the president, elected for a 5-year term by general elections.

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In the north it is washed by the Baltic Sea, in the west it borders with Germany, in the southwest with the Czech Republic, in the south with Slovakia, in the southeast with Ukraine, in the east with Belarus, in the northeast with Lithuania and Russia (Kaliningrad region). In addition, Poland, through an economic zone in the Baltic Sea, borders the zones of Denmark and Sweden.

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Relief: the Świętokrzyskie Mountains and the mostly flat Lublin Upland. Even further south are the Sudeten and Carpathian ranges, along which the southern border of Poland runs. The highest point in Poland is Rysy Peak (2499 m), which belongs to the Carpathians. In the north and west of Poland there are lowlands, occupying over 3/4 of the country's area. In the south and southeast they are replaced by the Silesian-Lesser Poland Upland with low (up to 600 m)

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Climate Average temperatures in January are from −1 to −5 °C (in the mountains up to −8 °C), July 17-19 °C (in the mountains up to 10°); precipitation 500-800 mm on the plains; in the mountains in some places over 1000 mm per year. The climate is temperate, changing from maritime to continental from north to south with mild (cold in the mountains) winters and warm (cool in the mountains) summers. The coldest region of Poland is the northeastern region, and the warmest is the southwestern region.

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Rivers 99.7% is occupied by the Baltic basin. The largest rivers in Poland are the Vistula and Odra. The Vistula and Odra, together with their tributaries, have the largest basins (54.0% and 33.9% of Poland's surface area, respectively). The Vistula and Odra and their largest mountain tributaries originate in the Carpathians and Sudetes.

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Did you know that near the Polish city of Wagrowiec the two rivers Welna and Nelba intersect strictly at right angles. And their waters, without mixing at all, then flow on in their own channels. The secret of this unique phenomenon lies in the differences in water temperatures in these rivers, different speeds and levels of currents. Experiments have been carried out here many times. Red paint was poured into Velna, and blue paint into Nelba. And at the intersection of the rivers, the colors did not mix: the red one ran in its own channel, and the blue one ran on top of the red one in its own.

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Lakes The region of Masurian lakes - “The Green Lungs of Poland”. This region is rich in forests and is home to Poland's two largest lakes: Śniardwy (114 sq. km) with its eight islands and Mamry (104 sq. km) with its 33 islands, 180 km from the shore. The deepest lake is Hanca, the longest lake is Jezerak. Many lakes are connected by rivers and canals.

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Population The population of Poland is 38.678 million people. Modern Poland is one of the most mononational states in the world. About 97% of Poland's population are ethnic Poles and speak Polish. Poles are the largest Western Slavic people. Poland is one of the eight most populous countries in Europe.

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Religion 89.9% of Polish citizens are Catholics by religion, only 1.3% are Orthodox Christians, 0.3% are Protestants

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Economy. The Polish government planned to abolish the zloty by 2012 and introduce the euro in the country. But as a member of the Policy Council of the National Bank of Poland states: “Poland, apparently, will not have a euro before 2014-2015.” Poland is an industrial-agrarian country. The Polish economy also has its weaknesses. First of all, this is relatively high, by EU standards, unemployment. Agriculture suffers from a lack of investment, an abundance of small farms and redundant staff.

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Minerals Poland is a country rich in minerals, one of the world leaders in reserves of hard and brown coal, copper ores, zinc and tin. The country has deposits of sulfur and natural building materials. Since time immemorial, Poland has been famous for its reserves and mining of amber. In the Middle Ages, the extraction of rock salt in the Krakow mines (Bochnia and Wieliczka deposits) played an important role.

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Hard and brown coal (Upper Silesian basin) Natural gas (minor volumes) Sulfur; Table salt; Ore, copper, zinc; Logging; Amber. Hard coal Mined in Poland: Table salt Amber

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Agriculture. Poland has a highly developed agriculture. Agriculture is dominated by crop production. The main grain crops are rye, wheat, barley, oats. Poland is a large producer of sugar beets (over 14 million tons per year), potatoes, and cabbage. The export of apples, strawberries, raspberries, currants, garlic, and onions is important. The leading branch of livestock farming is pig farming; dairy and beef cattle breeding (Poland is one of Europe's largest suppliers of eggs); beekeeping. Marine fishing and reindeer husbandry. Poultry and sheep farming are widespread in the south of the country.

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Hortex is one of the world's largest producers of frozen vegetables and fruits. The company's activities are focused on two main areas: the production of juices and drinks and the production of frozen vegetables and fruits; The third significant activity is the production of fruit juice concentrate. The products are produced in 3 modern processing plants (in the cities of Ryki, Skierniewice and Przysucha near Radom).

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Transport. The main seaports of the country are Gdansk, Szczecin, Swinoujscie, Gdynia, Kolobrzeg. The length of railways in the country is 26,644 km. Rail transportation throughout the country is carried out by the Polish State Railways company. There are 13 airports. Poland occupies one of the leading places in the world in the production of fishing vessels, freight and passenger cars, road and construction machinery, industrial equipment, etc.

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Warsaw. At the beginning of the 15th century. it became known as the capital of the Duchy of Mazovia and, from 1918, of the Independent Polish Republic. The city stretches along both banks of the Vistula River, 20-25 km from where the Bug River flows into it. Since ancient times, a route connecting Eastern and Central Europe ran through the territory occupied by the city. The area of Warsaw is more than 450 km². The population of Warsaw is more than 2 million people (including its suburbs), which is approximately 4% of the total population of Poland.

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Krakow Kraków Full name - Capital Royal City of Krakow (Stołeczne Królewskie Miasto Kraków) a city on the left bank of the Vistula. The second most populous city in Poland after Warsaw. The administrative center of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Rich in historical monuments, the city center is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. One of the largest scientific, cultural and economic centers in Poland, a popular tourism destination.

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Polish Republic. Presentation: Natalia Alekseeva.

Flag and coat of arms of Poland.

Geographical position. About 2/3 of the territory in the north and center of the country is occupied by the Polish Lowland. Located in the center of Europe. It is washed in the north by the Baltic Sea. It has a land border with Russia (Kaliningrad region), Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Germany. Satellite image.

The lakes are mainly in the north. 28% of the territory is under forest. The climate is temperate, transitional from maritime to continental. Average temperatures in January are from −1 to −5 °C (in the mountains up to −8 °C), in July 17-19 °C (in the mountains up to 10°); precipitation 500-800 mm on the plains; in the mountains in some places over 1000 mm per year. In the north - the Baltic ridge, in the south and southeast - the Lesser Poland and Lublin Uplands, along the southern border - the Carpathians and the Sudetes. Large rivers - Vistula, Odra; dense river network.

State structure. The Republic of Poland is a state with a republican system. The country is divided into 16 voivodeships, which in turn are divided into powiats (districts) and gminas (parishes). The state legislative bodies are the Sejm and the Senate. The Sejm consists of 460 deputies elected for a four-year term. The Senate consists of 100 deputies who are elected for the term of office of the Sejm. And the executive branch is represented by the president and the council of ministers. The head of state is the president, elected for a 5-year term by general elections.

Population. Modern Poland is one of the most mononational states in the world. According to the 2002 census, 96.74% of the Polish population are ethnic Poles (or rather, consider themselves Poles). 97.8% stated that they speak Polish at home. 1.23% of the country's population classified themselves as other nationalities, of which the largest ethnic groups are Silesian Germans (0.4%), Belarusians (0.1%), Ukrainians (0.1%), Gypsies, and Jews. The majority of believers are Catholics. Residence of the President of the Republic of Poland.

Mining. Iron ore, silver, nickel, gold, cobalt, copper, zinc; Table salt, potassium and rock salt and asbestos; To coal and brown coal; Natural gas; Sulfur and saltpeter; From lance gas;

Leading branches of the manufacturing industry. mechanical engineering ferrous and non-ferrous (large-scale zinc production) metallurgy, chemical (sulfuric acid, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and cosmetics, photographic products), textile (cotton, linen, wool), clothing, cement, porcelain and earthenware production, sporting goods production ( kayaks, yachts, tents, etc.).

Warsaw is the capital of Poland. At the beginning of the 15th century. it became known as the capital of the Duchy of Mazovia and, from 1918, of the Independent Polish Republic. Warsaw is located in central Poland, on the Mazowieckie Lowland. The city stretches along both banks of the Vistula River, 20-25 km from where the Bug River flows into it. Since ancient times, a route connecting Eastern and Central Europe ran through the territory occupied by the city. The area of Warsaw is more than 450 km². The population of Warsaw is more than 2 million people (including its suburbs), which is approximately 4% of the total population of Poland.

Warsaw has a lot of green spaces; The area of forests, parks, squares and agricultural land within the city is approximately 2/5 of the entire territory of the capital. But the first capital of Poland was Krakow. Krakow, the third largest city in Poland, was founded on the site of a Vistula settlement on Wawel Hill around the 8th-10th centuries. Warsaw and Krakow.

Sources. http:// dalniestrany.ru/polsha http:// info-country.ru/polsha_obshaya_informaciya_o_strane-766.html http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%EE%EB%FC%F8%E0#. D0.90.D0.B4.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8.D0. B2.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B5_. D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5 http://travel-poland.ru/68 / http://www.divetravels.ru/City /Default.aspx?%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4=% D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2 %D0%B0

occupies one of the leading places in the world in the production of fishing vessels, freight and passenger cars, road and construction machinery, machine tools, engines, electronics, industrial equipment, etc.), ferrous and non-ferrous (large zinc production), metallurgy, chemical (sulfuric acid, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and cosmetics, photographic products), textiles (cotton, linen, wool), clothing, cement, porcelain and earthenware production, sporting goods production (kayaks, yachts, tents, etc.). Agriculture Poland has a highly developed agriculture. Agriculture is dominated by crop production. The main grain crops are rye, wheat, barley, oats. Poland is a large producer of sugar beets (over 14 million tons per year), potatoes, and cabbage. The export of apples, strawberries, raspberries, currants, garlic, and onions is important. The leading branch of livestock farming is pig farming; dairy and beef cattle breeding, poultry farming (Poland is one of Europe's largest suppliers of eggs); beekeeping. Sea fishing and reindeer husbandry (deer and red deer in the Lublin Voivodeship). Tourism Poland has a number of resorts. The country's main seaports are Gdansk and Szczecin.

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Presentation on the topic: Republic of Poland

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Relief In the north and west of Poland there are lowlands, occupying over 3/4 of the country's area. In the south and southeast they give way to the Silesian-Lesser Poland Upland with low (up to 600 m) Świętokrzyskie Mountains and the mostly flat Lublin Upland. Even further south are the Sudeten and Carpathian ranges, along which the southern border of Poland runs. The highest point in Poland is Rysy Peak (2499 m), which belongs to the Carpathians.

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Climate The climate is temperate, from north to south moving from maritime to continental with mild (cold in the mountains) winters and warm (cool in the mountains) summers. The coldest region of Poland is considered to be the northeastern region, and the warmest is the southwestern one. Average temperatures in January are from −1 to −5 °C (in the mountains up to −8 °C), in July 17-19 °C (in the mountains up to 10 °); precipitation 500-800 mm on the plains; in the mountains in some places over 1000 mm per year.

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Rivers 99.7% is occupied by the Baltic basin. The largest rivers in Poland are the Vistula and Odra. The Vistula and Odra, together with their tributaries, have the largest basins (54.0% and 33.9% of the surface of Poland, respectively). The Vistula and Odra and their largest mountain tributaries originate in the Carpathians and Sudetes. The rivers are also fed by precipitation, and in the spring - from melted snow. In 1997 and 2001, heavy rains caused flooding in June and July.

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Cities of Poland Warsaw (Warszawa) - 1,621 thousand people, Krakow (Kraków) - 747 thousand people, Lodz (Łódź) - 700 thousand people, Wrocław - 640.5 thousand people, Poznan ( Poznań) – 580 thousand people, Gdańsk – 462 thousand people, Szczecin – 418.7 thousand people, Lublin – 356.1 thousand people. Katowice – 350.3 thousand people.

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Leading branches of the manufacturing industry: mechanical engineering (Poland is one of the leading places in the world in the production of fishing vessels, freight and passenger cars, road and construction machinery, machine tools, engines, electronics, industrial equipment, etc.), ferrous and non-ferrous (large zinc production) metallurgy , chemical (sulfuric acid, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and cosmetics, photographic products), textile (cotton, linen, wool), clothing, cement, porcelain and earthenware production, sporting goods production (kayak, yachts, tents, etc.). Agriculture Poland has a highly developed agriculture. Agriculture is dominated by crop production. The main grain crops are rye, wheat, barley, oats. Poland is a large producer of sugar beets (over 14 million tons per year), potatoes, and cabbage. The export of apples, strawberries, raspberries, currants, garlic, and onions is important. The leading branch of livestock farming is pig farming; dairy and beef cattle breeding, poultry farming (Poland is one of Europe's largest suppliers of eggs); beekeeping. Sea fishing and reindeer husbandry (deer and red deer in the Lublin Voivodeship). Tourism Poland has a number of resorts. The country's main seaports are Gdansk and Szczecin.

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Interesting facts There are more than 100 universities in Poland. Football in Poland is the most popular sport. Forests occupy almost a third of Poland. More than 50% of the entire territory is occupied by agriculture. An interesting fact is that in one village in Poland you can see the latest machines for cultivating land, but in a neighboring village the processing process has remained the same as 200 years ago. An example is plowing land with a horse harnessed. This contrast is explained by the fact that such an outdated method of cultivating the land is a common hobby for many! In Poland there is only one desert - called Błędowska. Poles have won 17 Nobel Prizes (to date), including 4 Peace Prizes and 5 Nobel Prizes in Literature.