Development of thinking in primary school age: exercises and games. Games to develop thinking in younger schoolchildren Generalization tasks for younger schoolchildren

In elementary school, a child's intellectual development is often ignored. This is due to several reasons. Firstly, the dominant activity is the assimilation of knowledge and skills, which involves solving problems that always have a ready-made solution. Children get used to solving problems based on an already learned rule; they cannot act independently to find a new way to solve it. Secondly, constantly solving standard problems impoverishes the child’s personality. Children get used to assessing themselves and their capabilities only through the successful or unsuccessful solution of typical problems, the solution of which depends on the degree of assimilation of certain knowledge. This leads to the fact that the child’s self-esteem depends only on diligence and diligence in mastering new knowledge and rules, and not on intelligence, originality and invention.

In connection with the above reasons, the development and correction of intellectual abilities in children of primary school age is one of the important tasks of the school’s psychological and pedagogical staff.

As an example, we can offer several game exercises, which can be carried out during class hours, warm-ups before classes, etc.

Exercise “Riddles”

There are chickens on one bank, and ducklings on the other. There is an island in the middle. Who will swim to the island faster?

Mom carries heavy bags. Daughter says:

Mommy, let me help you. I'll carry the bags, and you take me in your arms.

Will the girl help her mother? Why?

The girl Lena was asked:

Do you have a sister?

Eat.

Does your sister have a sister?

No,” Lena answered.

What do you think?

The children were collecting pine cones in the forest. The boys had large buckets, red, without a bottom. And the girls' ones are small and green. Who will collect the most cones?

A nine-year-old boy had a cat with a short tail. She ate a mouse with a long tail, and the mouse swallowed the straw along with the grain. How old is the boy who had the cat?

The table has four corners. If you saw off one corner, how many corners will remain?

Tasks to connect the subject (everyday) experience of children.

Task 1. Name the geometric shapes shown in the figure. Find the extra figure and explain why it is extra.

Task 2. What digit does the writing of numbers begin with?

14 18 111 19 10 100

Task 3. What is the name of this figure? Why did it get this name?

Tasks to identify the essential features of a concept

Task 1. Read the words in brackets. Underline the words that are most relevant to the subject.

A) HOSPITAL (garden, doctor, premises, radio, patients)

B) SCHOOL (building, students, chalk, blackboard, letters)

B) RIVER (water, shore, fish, fisherman, mud)

D) BOOK (picture, word, paper, reader, library)

D) SPORT (medal, stadium, victory, competition, music)

E) COMPUTER (screen, keyboard, counts, executes commands)

G) PRINTER (prints, white, silent, connected to the computer)

Task 2. Indicate an item whose characteristic feature is:

A) Scale with divisions.

B) Giving marks and recording comments.

B) Listening to music.

D) Watching movies.

Task 3. Draw objects whose essential features are the following: round and edible; round and inedible.

Task 4. What is different:

A) Window from the door.

B) Pencil pointer.

B) Circle from the oval.

D) Birch leaf from a maple leaf.

Task 5. How are the words of each group similar? How can you name each of the proposed groups in one word?

A) Highway, road, path.

B) City, village, town.

B) Addition, division, subtraction.

Tasks aimed at developing the ability to perform basic logical operations on concepts: generalization, limitation, division and definition

A) Tasks to establish patterns.

Task 1. Fill in the missing numbers:

A) 5, 15, _______, 35, _______, 55;

B) 14, 24, _______, _________, 54;

B) 2, 12, 22, _______, _______, ________;

D) 1,3, ________, ________, 9, ________;

D) 2, 4, 6, ________, ________, ________;

Task 2. Determine the pattern of repetition of figures and complete the sequences.

Task 3. Which of the figures should be in the empty cell of the table?

Task 4. Determine the pattern of repetition of the sequence and draw this sequence: tree, bush, flower, tree, bush, flower...

B) Tasks on combining and separating objects according to some characteristics.

Task 1. Name the following groups of numbers in one word:

A) 2, 4, 6, 8, ...

B) 1, 3, 5, 7, …

B) 2, 4, 7, 9, 5, 6, …

D) 18, 25, 33, 48, 56, …

Task 2. Several items are listed. How can they be called in one word?

A) Soup, goulash, porridge, jelly.

B) Chicken, goose, duck, turkey.

B) Horse, cow, sheep, pig.

D) Wolf, fox, bear, hare.

D) Potatoes, beets, onions, cabbage.

E) Shoes, boots, sneakers, slippers.

Task 3. Which word is the odd one out in each group? Cross it out. Name the essential feature of the resulting group. Give each group of words a name.

A) Spruce, pine, cedar, birch.

B) Onion, cucumber, apple, carrot.

C) Mushroom, lily of the valley, chamomile, cornflower.

Task 4. Divide the following numbers into two groups: even, odd, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

Task 5. Divide these words into groups according to the number of syllables: pencil case, vase, lamp, lampshade, feather, pencil, pumpkin, desk, ruler, notebook, table, floor, pen, hammer, root. How many groups did you get?

Task 6. Write these words in the appropriate columns of the table: doll, boots, pencil case, felt boots, ball, briefcase, pen, slippers, bear, shoes, notebook, top, pencil, sneakers, gun.

Shoes

Toys

School things

Task 7. Divide the numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24, 35, 48 into two groups: single-digit and double-digit. In which row are the tables correctly divided into groups?

1,2,3,5,12

8,16,24,35,48

1,2,3,5,8,16

12,24,35,48

1,2,3,5,8

12,16,24,35,48

2,3,5,8

12,6,16,24,35,48

Game developmental tasks and exercises for the development of conceptual thinking.

Task 1. Generalization of a series of specific concepts using generic definitions. Children are asked to generalize several groups of specific concepts and name the following groups in one word:

plate, glass, mug, saucer;

table, chair, sofa, armchair, wardrobe;

shirt, dress, skirt, trousers;

slippers, felt boots, boots, sandals, shoes;

soup, porridge, cutlet, puree;

birch, linden, spruce, pine, aspen;

sparrow, dove, crow, tit, goose, duck;

crucian carp, pike, perch, bream.

Task 2. Concretization of concepts. It is necessary to name objects and phenomena that are included in broader concepts. You can ask children about the following categories: trees, animals, toys, names, furniture, shoes, vegetables, clothes, dishes, birds, fish, fruits, colors, berries, etc.

Task 3. Generalization of a series of concepts of a wider scope. Students are given 5 groups of concepts to generalize, and they must tell what the named categories have in common, how the concepts that are included in one group are similar:

birds, animals, fish;

trees, herbs, flowers, shrubs;

furniture, dishes, clothing;

watches, scales, thermometers;

fire, flood, hurricane.

Task 4. Classification. Children are given 16 cards with images of birds, fish, dishes, furniture - 4 for each group and asked to divide all the cards into groups so that each one contains drawings that can be called in one word. Students are then asked to combine the resulting groups into two that are as similar as possible, and explain why they did so.

Task 5. You need to compare pairs of objects by presentation, find signs of difference and similarity: dandelion and chamomile; strawberries and wild strawberries; spruce and birch; apple and maple; rose and bell; cat and dog; chicken and duck; airplane and seagull; animals and plants.

Task 6. Students must guess which object is hidden based on its description. To do this, you need to select an object or its image. Without showing it to children, you need to describe this object: its shape, color, texture.

Task 7. Game “What’s extra?”

A group of concepts is given, from which children must choose the odd one out and give a general name to the rest. The game is available in two versions: verbal and visual.

In the verbal version, groups of four words are offered; it is necessary to highlight which word is superfluous and does not fit with the rest, and how to name the remaining ones in one word (or explain the similarity):

cabbage, potatoes, tomato, apple;

blue, red, beautiful, green;

mom, man, dad, sister;

old, decrepit, small, dilapidated;

birch, pine, maple, aspen;

boot, leg, boot, shoe;

winter, spring, summer, October;

jelly, compote, lemonade, ice cream, etc.

Task 8. Game “Disputants”. Students are encouraged to argue with the teacher. Whatever word he utters, the children must say exactly the opposite and the faster the better: white-black; big small; fast-slow; cheerful-sad; dirty-clean; open-closed; old-new; scream-whisper; break, repair, etc.

Task 9. Game “Bad or good?” Children are offered a certain object (situation), and they must explain what its positive and negative side is. For example, ice cream is good because it’s tasty, bad because it can hurt your throat.

The following words are given: rain, TV, candy, dog, flowers, mosquitoes, run, get sick, onion, wind, cat, computer, music, knife, fire, sun, etc.

Task 10. Game “Words - Overlays”.

Students come up with words - overlays, then choose the funniest or most original word, explaining why they think so.

You can offer the following tasks:

mosquito + brand = mosquito;

zebra + shell = zebra shell;

tree + crow = tree crow, etc.

Exercises for the development of mental operations of analysis and synthesis

Task 1. “Anagram”

ALIG -

EOSL -

OTLE -

Task 2. “Encrypted word”

PORRIDGE

RIVER

PLATE

Task 3. “Echo”

Compose words by separating the first letters from these words:

BUMBELE –

FLY -

ROSA –

Task 4. “Encrypted word”

Make up a word from the first syllables of these words:

MILK

SEINE

COCKROACH

Task 5. “Anagram” (hidden word)

Make up words by rearranging the letters:

OGOLAV –

ABARN –

OSOKL –

Task 6.

Compose new words by eliminating one letter from these words:

PLOW –

SCARF -

FEED –

Task 7.

Compose a word from the second syllables of these words:

SNAKE

FRAME

Task 8. “Entertaining ladder”

Task 9. “Snake”

Make up words based on this model.

A _ _ _ _ _

A _ _ _ _

A _ _ _

A _ _

A _

A _

A _ _

A _ _ _

A _ _ _ _

A _ _ _ _ _

Exercises to find essential features of objects

Task 1. Select two words that are most significant for the word before the brackets:

Forest (leaf, trees, apple tree, hunter, bush)

River (shore, fish, mud, water, fisherman)

Task 2. Sports (stadium, orchestra, award, competition, spectators)

Hospital (garden, doctor, radio, patients, room)

Task 3.Singing (ringing, voice, art, melody, audience)

War (guns, soldiers, battles, airplane, guns)

Exercises – logic problems

Problem 1. Ivan Fedorovich is the father of Marina Ivanovna, Kolya is the son of Marina Ivanovna. How is Kolya related to Ivan Fedorovich?

Task 2. Mom, dad and I were sitting on a bench. In what order did we sit if we know that I was sitting to the left of dad and mom was to my left?

Problem 3. Tolya caught perch, ruffe, and pike. He caught the pike earlier than the perch, and the ruff later than the pike. What fish did Tolya catch before others?

Can you tell which fish was caught last?

Problem 4. Two fathers and two sons were walking, carrying three oranges. How many oranges did each person carry?

Task 5. My name is Tolya. My sister only has one brother. What is the name of my sister's brother?

Problem 6. Kolya is taller than Vasya, but shorter than Seryozha. Who is taller: Vasya or Seryozha?

Task 7. For the holiday, students decorate the school building on four sides with 12 flags. They must be arranged so that there are 4 flags on each side. Draw the answer.

Problem 8. The thermometer shows three degrees below zero. How many degrees will these two thermometers show?

Problem 9. The rope was cut in six places. How many parts did you get?

Problem 10. When a goose stands on one leg, it weighs 3 kg. How much will a goose weigh if it stands on two legs?

Games for developing thinking functions

Game 1. Making sentences.

Children are offered three words that are not related in meaning, for example, “lake”, “pencil”, “bear”. Children need to make as many sentences as possible that would necessarily include these three words (you can change the case and use other words). Answers can be banal (“The bear dropped a pencil into the lake”), complex, going beyond the situation indicated by the three initial words and introducing new objects (“The boy took a pencil and drew a bear swimming in the lake”), and creative, including these objects in non-standard connections (“A boy, thin as a pencil, stood near a lake that roared like a bear”).

Game 2. Eliminating unnecessary things.

Any three words are suggested, for example, “dog”, “tomato”, “sun”. Children should be left with only those words that denote similar objects in some way, and one word “superfluous” that does not have this common feature should be excluded. You should find as many options as possible for excluding an extra word, and most importantly, more features that unite the remaining pair of words and are not inherent in the excluded, extra one. Without neglecting the options that immediately suggest themselves (exclude “dog”, but leave “tomato” and “sun” because they are round), it is advisable to look for non-standard and at the same time very accurate solutions. The one with the most answers wins.

Game 3. Search for analogues.

Any object or phenomenon is called, for example, “helicopter”.

Children need to be prescribed as many analogues as possible, i.e. other items similar to it in various essential characteristics. It is also necessary to systematize these analogues into groups depending on what property of a given object they were selected taking into account. For example, in this case they can be called “bird”, “butterfly” (they fly and land); “bus”, “train” (vehicles); “corkscrew” (important parts rotate), etc. The winner is the one who named the largest number of groups of analogues.

Game 4. Methods of using the item.

A well-known object is called, for example, “book”. It is necessary to name as many different ways of using it as possible: a book can be used as a stand for a film projector, it can be used to cover papers on the table from prying eyes, etc. A ban should be introduced on naming immoral, barbaric ways of using objects. The winner is the one who indicates the most different functions of objects.

Game 5. “Come on, guess!”

The class is divided into two groups. The first group conceives a subject. The second group must guess by asking questions. The first group has the right to answer only “yes” or “no” to these questions. Children from two groups stand in two lines opposite each other. First, the first child from the second group asks the question: “Is it alive?” The first child from the first group answers: “Yes.” Then the second child from the second group asks the question: “Did I see him?” The second child from the first group answers: “Yes.” Etc. After guessing the object, the groups change roles.

Game 6. “Let’s identify the toy.”

Children bring a toy to the game. The driver is selected. He goes out the door. The teacher and the children come up with some kind of story in which the main character is one of the toys. A driver is invited. The guys tell him a made-up story, without naming the main character, but replacing him with the pronouns “he” or “she”. The presenter must show the toy, which is the main character of the story being told. If the driver guessed correctly, another leader is chosen and the game is repeated.

Game "Erudite"

Target: development of thinking, memory, speech.

Description. The teacher reads riddles. Children guess them and tell everything they know about the guessing object, thus showing their erudition.

1. The boat rushes along the surface of the water,

So similar to a bird.

Nadya's dad invited us

Take a ride in this boat.

And he said: “Well, buddy,

Do you like my...? (Boat.)

2. Gena has a good friend,

Everyone around is ready to help.

He is smart and funny.

Can you guess who he is? (Cheburashka.)

3. The elephant has a huge nose -

It probably took him a long time to grow.

With this nose, like a hand,

Anyone can easily get the fruit. (Trunk.)

4. I will paint the branches with white paint,

I will throw silver on your roof.

Warm winds will come in spring

And they will drive me out of the yard. (Winter.)

5. I am small like a grain of sand, but I cover the earth.

I was born from water and I give birth to it myself.

I'm lying like fluff in the fields

And, like a diamond, I shine in the sun's rays. (Snow.)

Sample answers:

1. This is a boat. It is a water transport. Runs on liquid fuel. It carries passengers. It's good for fishing.

2. This is Cheburashka. He is the hero of the book by E. Uspensky. His name comes from the word “cheburahnutsya”, that is, to fall.

4. It's that time of year. It comes after autumn. In winter it snows, frosts crackle, rivers are covered with ice. You can ski, skate, sled, play snowballs. In winter there are children's New Year's parties, to which Father Frost and Snow Maiden come.

5. It's snow. Snow is a type of precipitation. It is usually found in winter, but can also be found in autumn and spring. Snow falls from the sky, sometimes in separate snowflakes, sometimes in flakes, sometimes in grains, and sometimes drifting snow spreads across the ground.

Well, very... Problems!

Target: development of logical thinking.

Description. Children are invited to collectively solve humorous problems at the blackboard.

Donut has 17 pockets on his overalls: 10 pockets in the front, the rest in the back. There are 2 donuts in each pocket in the front and 3 in the back. How many donuts does Donut have in total? (41 donuts.)

Donut invited seven shorties to his birthday. How many pieces was the pie cut into if each guest ate a piece, and Donut ate as many pieces as all the guests together? (For 14 pieces.)

Doctor Pilyulkin gives all the shorties a vitamin for breakfast, lunch and dinner. How many vitamins does the doctor need per day if there are 15 shorties and Grumpy doesn’t take Pilyulkin’s medications? (42 vitamins.)

His crocodiles relatives came to the crocodile Gena for a housewarming party, and his Cheburashka relatives came to Cheburashka. 5 crocodiles arrived, which is 3 less than Cheburashek. How many animals will sit at the festive table? (15 animals.)

To anger Gena and Cheburashka, old woman Shapoklyak did 12 dirty tricks to Gena, 19 to Cheburashka and 39 to both of them together. How many dirty tricks did old woman Shapoklyak do in vain if they never got angry? (70 dirty tricks.)

On the parcel that Pechkin brought, it is written: “Net weight 7 kg.” This means that inside the parcel there is a payload weighing 7 kg. Friends made exactly the same box. How many bricks weighing 3 kg 500 g must be put there so that the box weighs the same as Pechkin’s? (2 bricks.)

The cow Murka gives 9 liters of milk per day. In the house there are two 5-liter saucepans, two 10-liter buckets, a 7-liter washbasin and a three-liter jar. After how many days will the milk have nowhere to go if Matroskin drinks 3 liters a day, Uncle Fyodor drinks 1 liter, and Sharik quarreled with Matroskin and doesn’t drink milk at all? (After 8 days.)

Uncle Fyodor opened a treasure hunting company and finds one large treasure every 5 days and one small one every 3 days. How many large and small treasures, taken together, did Uncle Fyodor dig up in April, which has 30 days? (16 treasures.)

The monkeys' favorite pastime is riding a boat pulled by three crocodiles. How many crocodiles must be harnessed to organize a race of 5 monkeys, if 1 monkey gets into each boat? (15 crocodiles.)

The wolf invited 3 piglets, 7 kids and 1 Little Red Riding Hood to his birthday party. How many delicious guests did the wolf invite to his birthday? (11 guests.)

Three fishermen caught 40 fish at night. In the morning light it turned out that 8 of them were not fish at all, but frogs, and 2 were actually crayfish. How many real fish did the fishermen catch? (30 fish)

Manka the cow saw her owner's nails painted. She really liked it and decided to paint her hooves. How many hooves does she need to paint if the cow has a pair on each leg? (8 hooves.)

A greedy balloon seller grabbed 20 balloons at once and flew into the sky. He weighs 50 kg. Each ball lifts 3 kg. How many balls must the seller release to start descending? (At least 4 balls.)

Saw married Dub. If she sawed it all the time, the Oak would fall in 6 days. But Saw loved Oak and therefore sawed him only one, the last day of the week. How many days did their family life last? (42 days.)

The cat promised not to eat mice if they would roll him around the room every day. One mouse can drag 100 grams of weight, and a cat weighs 4 kilograms. How many mice do you need to harness to the cart? (40 mice.)

. Hedgehog got a job as a cinema ticket attendant. The animals come and prick their tickets on hedgehog needles. When the hall is full, three tickets are pinned on each of the 200 needles. How many seats are there in the cinema? (600 seats)

How many pillows do you need to put 8 pullers to sleep? (16 pillows.)

The black cat has 10 kittens. Four are gray, and among the rest - equally red and black. How many black kittens does a cat have? (3 kittens.)

Under the window of the most beautiful cat in the city, the cats staged a concert. 3 black cats, 10 tabby, 5 red and 6 white cats took part. How many cats screamed under the window? (24 cats.)

Year 2a visited the dentist's office and had 12 baby teeth pulled out. After that, class 26 visited the dentist’s office and had 4 more baby teeth pulled out. How many baby teeth did both classes leave in the dentist's office, if it is known that one second-grader took his extracted tooth home? (27 teeth.)

40 grandmothers came to one grandfather’s name day. Each grandmother brought 2 combs as a gift. How many combs did the completely bald birthday boy receive from his grandmothers? (80 combs.)

Postman Pechkin opened a detective bureau, and since there are no thieves in Prostokvashino, he is looking for lost things. How many months does Pechkin search for each item if he spent a whole year looking for three of Uncle Fyodor’s buttons? (4 months.)

Once Baron Munchausen needed to fly over an abyss. He was not at a loss, caught the geese, harnessed them and flew over. How many geese did Munchausen need if one goose lifts 5 kg and the baron weighs 70 kg? (14 geese.)

Baron Munchausen is a brave warrior, and for this he was awarded many orders. When he has to go to the parade, the baron puts 54 orders on his chest, 28 on his back, and another 19 in a box are carried behind him by his orderly. How many orders does the baron have? (101 orders)

Game “Selecting a proverb to the text”

Target: development of thinking.

Description. The teacher reads the text and asks the children to choose one of the three proposed proverbs that expresses the main idea of ​​the text.

Option 1

One day a hare and a tortoise argued about who could run around a forest clearing faster.

The turtle sets off, and the hare lies under a bush, chuckling: “Hurry, hurry, turtle, I’ll overtake you anyway.” But while he was having so much fun, the turtle - although it walked quietly - turned out to be at the goal. The hare rushed after her, but it was too late.

He knew how to run, but he didn’t know that if he lay still, he could get behind a turtle.

(Ingush fairy tale.)

Proverbs.

1. Water does not flow under a lying stone.

2. The one who walks will master the road. +

3. You cannot resist goodness.

Option 2

The wolf sees a goat grazing on a stone mountain, and he cannot get close to it; he says to her:

You should go down: here the place is more level, and the grass is much sweeter for you to feed.

And the goat says:

That’s not why you, wolf, are calling me down; you’re not worrying about mine, but about your own food.

(L. Tolstoy.)

Proverbs.

1. Not everything is bad weather, the red sun will shine through.

2. There is honey on the tongue, and ice under the tongue. +

3. Try on seven times, cut once.

Option 3

There was a blizzard at night. People laid paths near houses.

The boys were going to school. We stopped at Grandma Marya's house. She lives alone. How will grandma get to the well?

The children entered the yard. It’s hard to walk from the gate to the house through deep snow. From home to gate - easier. Passed by many times. They trodden the path.

(According to V. Sukhomliisky.)

Proverbs.

1. There is always a round dance at our gates.

2. The world is not without good people. +

3. A bad peace is better than a good quarrel.

Option 4

Once upon a time there lived a very temperamental boy. And then one day his father gave him a bag of nails and ordered him to drive one nail into the fence post every time the boy did not control his anger.

On the first day there were 37 nails in the post. The next week the boy learned to control his anger, and every day the number of nails hammered into the pillar began to decrease. The boy realized that it was easier to control his temper than to drive nails.

Finally the day came when the boy never lost his temper. He told his father about this, and he said that this time every day, when his son manages to restrain himself, he can pull one nail out of the fence.

Time passed, and the day came when the boy could tell his father that there was not a single nail left in the pillar. Then the father took his son by the hand and led him to the fence:

You did a good job, but do you see how many holes there are in the fence? He will never be the same again. When you say something evil to a person, he will have the same scar as these holes. And no matter how many times you apologize after this, the scar will remain.

(Legend.)

Proverbs.

1. Hold your tongue and clench your heart into a fist. +

2. Say whatever you want with your tongue, but don’t give your hands free rein.

3. Don't waste your words.

Option 5

Two boys are walking and showing off.

I'm so strong that I can lift a truck with one hand! - says the first one.

And the other one to him:

Just think, a truck! I can lift a house!

Then the first one says:

I can lift an electric locomotive! True, with both hands.

Well, if I use both hands,” the second one laughed, “I can lift a whole train of a hundred carriages.”

And I’ll lift the elephant and throw it ten more times! — the first one doesn’t give up.

What an elephant! - the second waved his hand. - I can lift a mountain with my left hand.

These are such strong men! Yes, it’s just hard to believe. True, an old woman with a heavy bag was walking next to the guys, but is this heavy for such strong men? They didn't even look at her. I, a girl, had to offer my help to the old woman. I made it loud on purpose so they could hear. Imagine, they only looked back at us for a second and continued their stupid conversation again. What kind of men will they grow up to be?!

(L. Yakhnin.)

Proverbs.

1. Patience and work will grind everything down.

2. Don't say "hop" until you jump.

3. Strength is good, intelligence is better, and a good heart covers everything. +

Option 6

The worker Peter said to the merchant:

Master, you are unfair. Why are you paying someone else?

your employee Ivan twice as much as me? After all, I carry out all your instructions.

“I’ll explain it to you,” answered the merchant. - But now run to the road. A convoy train is traveling along it, find out where it is from.

Peter ran to the convoy and, returning, said:

He is coming from the village of Fedorino.

“Okay,” said the merchant. - Now find out where he is going.

Peter also completed this task:

He goes to the village.

“Ivan,” the merchant called to his second worker. - Run to the wagon train and find out where it’s coming from.

Ivan ran to the road and, returning, said to the merchant:

The owner, the convoy travels from the village of Fedorino to the village for the fair, carrying a lot of potatoes. We don’t need to send potatoes to the fair today - the price for them will fall. We urgently need to send cabbage there.

Now do you understand why I pay Ivan twice as much? - the merchant asked Peter.

(Parable.)

Proverbs.

1. There is honey on the tongue, and ice on the heart.

2. The head is crazy, like a lantern without fire. +

3. I heard a ringing, but you don’t know where it is.

Option 7

A comrade came to Vita’s brother. He threw his hat on the chair and said:

I've had a lost day!

The comrade left. Vitya asked his brother how a day could be lost. Brother said that the days are the same time,

but different in business. The day when a person did not do anything useful, did not learn anything, can be considered a lost day.

From then on, Vitya told his brother in the evening what he was doing and asked if he had a lost day.

(According to V. Oseeva.)

Proverbs.

1. Take care of your dress again, and your honor from a young age.

2. Talk less and listen more.

3. Time is more valuable than gold. +

Option 8

A knight walked through the desert. His journey was long. Along the way he lost his horse, helmet and armor. Only the sword remained. The knight was hungry and thirsty. Suddenly in the distance he saw a lake. The knight gathered all his remaining strength and went to the water. But right next to the lake sat a three-headed dragon.

The knight pulled out his sword and with his last strength began to fight the monster. He fought for days, then he fought for two days. Already cut off two dragon heads. On the third day the dragon fell exhausted. An exhausted knight fell nearby; he could no longer stand on his feet or hold his sword. And then, with the last of his strength, the dragon asked:

Knight, what did you want?

The knight answers:

Drink some water.

Well, I would drink it anyway...

(Legend.)

Proverbs.

1. It is bad for him who does no good to anyone.

2. Death is not terrible for the brave.

3. Strength is good, but intelligence is better. +

Option 9

Once Cunning Peter went to the fair. And there are a lot of people there. Some sell, others buy, others eat in taverns. He stopped in front of a tavern and looked in the door. At that time, the innkeeper was busy with the pots, and the food in them was one more delicious than the other. Cunning Peter was hungry, but he had no money. What to do here? In his knapsack he had one stale pea. He pulled out the top and extended his hand to the pan from which the thickest steam came. I held the bread over a closed pan until it became saturated with steam and became softer. Then he ate it with pleasure and walked away.

The innkeeper, who had been silently watching Cunning Peter, stepped in his way:

Hey, fellow countryman, where are you going without paying?

What should I pay for?

For what you ate.

Here you go, didn’t you see that I only tasted one steam from the pan!

And steam also costs money. For the sake of this steam, I carried water, burned wood, and cooked food.

How will I pay, since I don’t even have a penny?

If you don't have money, then get ten sticks! - the innkeeper shouted.

People came running to hear the noise.

Well then, strike! - said Sly Peter and went out into the sun.

Cunning Peter said:

Take a stick and start, but just be careful - don’t touch me, just as I didn’t touch your food.

Who should I hit? - the innkeeper was dumbfounded.

Throw out a dozen sticks of my shadow!

Everyone around burst into laughter, and the ashamed innkeeper disappeared behind the door.

(Bulgarian fairy tale.)

Proverbs.

1. A long rope is good, but a short speech.

2. As soon as I ate, I paid. +

3. All for one - one for all.

Option 10

There lived a pack of wolves in the jungle. The leader of the pack was very old. And when the pack had to go hunting, the leader said that he was not able to lead it. A young, strong wolf came out of the pack, approached the leader and asked him to allow him to lead the pack. The old wolf agreed, and the pack went in search of food. A day later, the flock returned from hunting with prey. The young wolf told the leader that they attacked seven hunters and easily killed them.

The time had come for the pack to go hunting again, and a young wolf led it. The pack was gone for a long time. And then the old wolf saw a young wolf covered in blood. He told the leader that the pack attacked three people, and only he was left alive. The old wolf asked in surprise: “But in the first hunt, the pack killed seven armed hunters, and everyone returned safe and with prey?”

To this the young wolf replied: “Then there were just seven hunters, but this time there were three best friends.”

(Legend.)

Proverbs.

1. A drowning man clutches at a straw.

2. A strong friendship cannot be cut with an axe. +

3. Then dance when they play.

Game "Who works harder?"

Target: development of thinking.

Description. After reading a fragment of a fairy tale, the teacher makes a stop and invites the children to come up with an ending in such a way as to solve the riddle: “Who works more - or the zealous worker?”

JAFAR'S RING

Well, solve the riddle,

If you think you're a hunter:

Whoever works harder is lazy

Or a zealous worker?

But before you find the answer,

Listen to the tale of ancient times.

The sage Jafar lived at court

In one country in the south.

And since he was very old,

Servants wore it.

One day on the way home

From a distant market

The gold ring rolled off

From Jafar's little finger.

Jafar said to the porters:

Go around the whole city

and the precious royal gift -

find my ring!

The porters answered him:

We don't feel like looking.

We don't care about the loss

We have our own work.

We were ordered to carry you,

Well, if so, he said to the slaves

Jafar to these speeches, -

I'll look for the ring myself! -

And he sat on the slaves' shoulders.

I had to drag them again

With Jafar to the market...

And it would be easier for them to search

A ring without Jafar!

"Cross out the excess"

For the lesson you will need cards with rows of 4-5 words or numbers.

After reading the series, the child must determine what common feature unites most of the words or numbers in the series, and find the one that is odd. Then he must explain his choice.

Option 1

The words are combined according to their meaning.

Pan Pan,ball , plate.

Pen,doll , notebook, ruler.

Shirt,shoes , sweater dress.

Chair, sofa, stool,closet.

Funny,brave , joyful, happy.

Red Green,dark , blue, orange.

Bus, wheel, trolleybus, tram, bicycle.

Option 2

Words are united not by meaning, but by formal characteristics (for example, they begin with the same letter, with a vowel, have the same prefix, the same number of syllables, the same part of speech, etc.). When compiling such a series, you need to make sure that only one sign matches. Performing the exercise requires a high level of attention development.

Telephone, fog,port , tourist (Three words begin with the letter "T".)

April, performance, teacher,snow , rain. (Four words end in "b".)

Wall, paste,notebook , legs, arrows. (In four words, the stress falls on the first syllable.)

Figure, strength, wind, life, minute. (In four words the second letter is “I”.)

Option 3

16, 25, 73, 34 (73 is extra, the rest of the numbers have a sum of 7)

5, 8, 10, 15 (8 is extra, the rest are divisible by 5)

64, 75, 86, 72 (72 is extra, for the rest the difference in numbers is 2)

87, 65, 53, 32 (53 is extra, for the rest the first digit is 1 more than the second)

3, 7, 11, 14 (14 is extra, the rest are odd)

"Invisible Words"

For the lesson you will need to type words in which the letters are mixed.

For example, there was a word “book”, it became “nkagi”. This evil sorceress got angry and made all the words invisible. It is necessary to return each word to its former, correct form. Completing the task requires high concentration. During the exercise, the ability to analyze the material is trained.

Option 1

Restore the correct order of letters in words.

Dubřa, kluka, balnok, leon, gona, sug.

Selnots, imza, chenite, tarm, myase.

Pmisio, kroilk, bubaksha, stovefor, bomeget.

Kovora, kirutsa, shakok, sakoba.

Option 2

To make it more interesting for your child to complete the task, you can group the words into columns so that after decoding, the first letters of correctly written words will also form a word.

Write the invisible words correctly and read the new word, consisting of the first letters of the deciphered words.

PTLAOK –

CHREKA –

GIRA-

VDUZOH –

ADE-

BRUAT –

Answer: hi.

VAUD –

URVAK –

CHICO –

KSSLA –

Answer: lesson.

KSOTMY –

LEWY –

OTNOG –

OKNEA –

Answer: cinema.

POSEK –

OVUB –

KODCHA –

AVSUTG-

FUCK –

OBADI –

KHUKYAN –

Answer: gift.

Option 3

Restore the correct order of letters in the words and find among them one that is superfluous in meaning.

1. There are invisible animals here, but one word is superfluous (perch).

Yazats, devmed, black, nokyu, levok.

2. There are invisible flowers here, but one word is superfluous (birch).

Pyualtn, zora, bzerea, snarsits, lydnash.

3. There are invisible trees here, but one word is superfluous (acorn).

Oinsa, bdu, juldier, nelk.

Option 4

Find another word in one word by rearranging letters.

1. Find invisible animals by swapping letters in words.

Strength, salt, jar, peony.

2. Find the invisible game in the word.

Cone.

3. Find the invisible tree in the word.

Pump.

4. Find a piece of invisible clothing in the word.

Lapot.

5. Find the invisible flower in the word.

Midge.

Option 5

There are many invisible words hidden in one word. For example, several words are hidden in the word “word”: hair, solo, ox and lov. Try to find as many invisible words as possible in the words:

pillow

keyboard

rocket

shop

present

parents

"Another letter"

This exercise contains riddles and tasks according to which, by replacing one letter in a word, you can get a new word. The number of letters in words cannot be changed. For example: oak - tooth, dream - catfish, steam - feast.

Option 1

Guess the riddles.

They can give it to us at school,

If we don't know anything.

Well, if with the letter “T”,

Then he will meow for you.(col - cat)

Anyone can walk on it.

With the letter "P" - it pours from the forehead.(sex - sweat)

If “K” - the hostess is crying.

If "G" - the horse is galloping.(onion - meadow)

With "R" - she's an actor,

With “S” - everyone needs it in the kitchen.(role - salt)

With the letter “D” is the entrance to the apartment,

With the letter “3” - lives in the forest.(the door is a beast)

With “D” - mom dresses up in a dress,

With “N” - at this time they fall asleep.(daughter - night)

With “L” - the goalkeeper didn’t help out,

With “D” - we change the calendar. (goal - year)

With the letter "K" - she is in the swamp,

With "P" - you will find it on the tree.(bump - kidney)

With a "T" - he's on fire with food,

With “3” - with horns, with a beard.(boiler - goat)

With "R" - both hide and seek and football.

With “L” - she is given an injection. (game - needle)

Option 2

Given are words with one missing letter. Form as many words as possible by replacing the gaps with one letter at a time, as in the example.

Sample: ...ol - role, salt, moth, pain, zero.

Ro... -

Glasses -

Ba... -

Ar -

Ara -

Aika -

En -

Om -

Option 3

Get from one word to another through a chain of words by replacing one letter at each stage. For example, how do you get the word “goal” from the word “smoke”? It is necessary to make several transformations: smoke - house - room - count - goal. Only nouns can be used in the chain; only one letter changes each time. By performing this exercise, the child learns to analyze and predict the result. It is advisable to achieve the goal in the least number of moves, that is, the one with the shorter chain wins.

Get the word “steam” from the word “moment”, the word “mouth” from the word “cheese”, the word “ball” from the word “house”, the word “hour” from the word “moment”.

"Houses"

Completing mathematical tasks develops logical thinking. We offer the game “Houses”, the content of which can become more complex depending on the child’s level of knowledge.

Option 1

Place one of the symbols of mathematical operations in the free window of the house so as to get a number on the roof.

Option 2

Place one of the symbols of mathematical operations in the free windows of the house to get a number on the roof as a result. There are several possible solutions to these tasks.

"Rebuses"

We suggest you teach your children to solve puzzles. This activity perfectly develops logical thinking, analysis and synthesis techniques. To learn how to solve puzzles, you need to familiarize yourself with the special rules for composing them.

Basic rules for solving puzzles

1. A noun in the nominative case is guessed.

2. Parts of a word are sometimes represented by pictures or symbols. They can be read in different ways. For example: 1 - unit, count, one. You need to check all options.

3. Commas before a picture or symbol indicate the number of letters that need to be dropped from the beginning of the word indicated by the picture or symbol. For example: ,☆ - read as "riding".

4. Commas after a picture or symbol indicate the number of letters that need to be dropped from the end of the word indicated by the picture or symbol.

5. If an equality is indicated above the picture, for example A = I, then the letter A must be replaced with I.

6. If the equality 2 = And is indicated, then the second letter in the word must be replaced with And.

7. Letters or designs can be depicted within, above, below, behind, or on other letters. This is how parts of the words “in”, “above”, “under”, “for”, “on” are designated.

8. The numbers above the pictures mean a change in the order of the letters in the word.

Using the rules, solve the puzzles.

"Addition and Subtraction"

To develop the ability to think logically, we offer exciting examples of addition and subtraction. These are special examples in which words, rather than numbers familiar to the child, are used. You need to perform mathematical operations with them, having first guessed the original word and written the answers in brackets. We provide a sample solution to such examples.

Addition

Given: boo + shade = unblown flower

Solution: boo + tone = bud

Subtraction

Given: mode of transport - o = unit of measurement Solution: metro - o = meter

Option 1

Replace the words in brackets with the correct ones to use addition to get the correct equation.

b + food = misfortune

k + insect = girl's hairstyle

y + bad weather with rain = danger

y + country house = success

o + opponent = long pit

y + child-girl = fishing tackle

o + weapon = edge of the forest

s + animal fur = heard during fun

y + one = done to the patient

m + fish soup = insect

y + ball in goal = in triangle

for + country house = requires a solution

ka + reward = whim

o + settlement = plot of land

av + tomato = weapon

ba + shade = white bread

about + for scooping food = on a notebook and on a book

ku + for nails = hand with fingers pressed to the palms

ko + actor plays = monarch

by + misfortune = success in battle

at + pine forest = apparatus

at + battle = waves offshore

Answers : trouble, scythe, threat, luck, ravine, fishing rod, edge, laughter, prick, fly, corner, task, whim, vegetable garden, machine gun, loaf, cover, fist, king, victory, device, surf.

Option 2

Replace the words in brackets with the correct ones to obtain the correct equality using subtraction.

vessel - a = money is kept there

moral poem - nya = low voice

underwear - s = afraid of everything

tomato - at = separate book

shallow place in the river - ь = it is written on the board

strong fear - great master = snake

bird - pronoun = criminal

military unit - k = we walk along it at home

man's facial hair - solemn verse = pine forest

bird - oka = garbage

flower - s = game

fantasy - ta = knight's weapon

you can cook in it - yol = pet

on the neck in winter - f = geometric figure

young plant - approx = human height

the goalkeeper is wearing them - a = on clothes around the neck

type of sport - with = the body has right and left

Answers: bank, bass, coward, tom, chalk, already, thief, floor, boron, rubbish, lotto, sword, cat, ball, height, gate, side.

"Next number"

The ability to compare and analyze develops well when performing tasks in which it is necessary to identify a pattern. We suggest using series of numbers for this. The child needs to discover a pattern within a series of numbers and continue it following the same logic.

3, 5, 7, 9... . (Series of odd numbers, next number is 11.)

16, 22, 28, 34... . (Each next number is 6 more than the previous one, the next number is 40.)

55, 48, 41, 34... . (Each next number is less than the previous one by 7, the next number is 27.)

12, 21, 16, 61, 25.... (In each pair of numbers, the digits are swapped, the next number is 52.)

"Definitions"

Every object or phenomenon has many signs, but we don’t always notice them. When completing this task, the child must look at objects and phenomena from different angles.

The exercise can be performed individually or collectively, in the form of a competition.

Option 1

Come up with as many definitions as possible that characterize objects or phenomena. (The task trains analysis skills, since it is necessary to isolate parts from the whole.)

Snow - cold, fluffy, light, white, lacy, iridescent, thick, beautiful, etc.

River -

Firework -

Clouds -

Kitty -

Rainbow -

Option 2

Think about the listed definitions and guess the object or phenomenon that they characterize. (This option is more difficult; synthesis skills are trained when performed: it is necessary to combine all the signs and determine which subject they relate to. The gender of adjectives and participles is a clue.)

Gusty, hurricane, warm, piercing wind.

Dark, quiet, moonlit, black - ... (night).

Long, asphalt, forest, broken - ... (road).

Kind, caring, beloved, beautiful - ... (mother).

Short, long, cropped, shiny - ... (hair).

Magical, interesting, folk, kind - ... (fairy tale).

Strong, fragrant, sweet, hot - ... (tea).

Hot, cheerful, long-awaited, sunny - ... (summer).

Loyal, shaggy, noisy, beloved - ... (dog).

Round, bright, yellow, hot - ... (sun).

"Confusion-2"

This exercise contains sentences in which some words are mixed up or replaced. In order to complete tasks, you need to use logical thinking.

Option 1

Due to unforeseen circumstances, one word disappeared from the sentence, and its place was taken by an inappropriate, random word. Put order in each sentence: remove a random word and return the right word.

I overslept this morning, I was in a hurry, but, unfortunately, I came to schoolearlier. (with delay)

I boughtloaf , presented it to the conductor and boarded the train, (ticket)

It was hot outside, so Masha put onfur coat (sundress)

On the roof of grandma's house wasstick , from which smoke came out when the stove was lit. (pipe)

Whendawn , we began to look into the night sky, looking at the stars and the moon. (it got dark)

I love swimming on the beach and lying on asphalt.(sand)

Option 2

And in these sentences the words changed places, and it became very difficult to understand what was being said. Restore the correct word order in the sentences.

My friends were playing on the playground.

I got an A in Russian language class.

It is interesting to observe the life of aquarium fish.

I made gifts for all my relatives.

It was quiet after the fresh and stormy street.

You can see falling stars in the August night sky.

"Tasks with text"

To complete the exercise, prepare excerpts of texts.

Doing tasks with texts perfectly develops logical thinking. In this exercise we present several options for such tasks. They apply to any passages from literary works unfamiliar to the child (fairy tales, short stories, etc.).

Option 1

Read the passage and invite your child to come up with 5-7 headings for it. They must reflect the main content and be original. Tell your child that they can use words from the text. If an exercise is performed by several people, it can be carried out in the form of a competition.

Option 2

Read a passage consisting of 10-15 sentences and ask to convey its content in 2-3 sentences, that is, to make a brief retelling. This exercise will develop in the child the ability to generalize material and highlight the main thing. It is useful to perform such tasks for the development of logical thinking.

Option 3

Read the passage to your child, skipping the middle part, which the child must complete. The logical connection between the child's insertion and the beginning and end of the source text is assessed.

Option 4

Read the passage and invite your child to come up with a continuation of the text. This task develops both imagination and logical thinking, since the content of the continuation must be justified by previous events described in the passage.

"Pantomime"

This game perfectly develops logical thinking. What is pantomime? Pantomime is a performance using facial expressions and gestures, without words. The minimum number of participants is 5, one of them is the leader, the rest are divided into two teams. The presenter thinks of words, monitors compliance with the rules and awards points for correct completion of the task. Teams take part in the game one by one.

The presenter comes out with a member of the first team from the room in which the other players are located and calls the word. For example, “bathhouse”. The player must, using pantomime,

show the given word to your team, whose members can ask questions. The person showing cannot respond, but can only nod their head or use other gestures. Its goal is to show a given object or phenomenon in such a way that the team can quickly guess. The presenter can limit the time for pantomime. For each word guessed by the team, 1 point is awarded. Then the second team receives the task. The game can be played with three participants, one of whom is the leader. Then no points are awarded, but the words are simply guessed.

All the exercises and games that are offered in this article will help children master the techniques of logical thinking and learn to think logically using practical material. Gradually increasing the complexity of tasks allows you to develop logical thinking. This will help the child in school and will make the process of learning easier, more interesting and more successful.

Help your child by explaining the essence of the tasks and examples of their implementation, which are given in the exercises.

The exercises offered in the book will allow the child to independently make comparisons, analysis, synthesis, and classification.

Having mastered the skills of logical thinking, the child will learn to build conclusions, think clearly and clearly, and solve any problems. This is the surest path to excellent studies!

Thinking- a tool that every person has who solves various problems in life. Thinking can be developed, its speed, depth, freedom, and meaningfulness can be changed. Also, thinking can become more interesting and positive.

Development of logical thinking

Logical thinking very useful for every person. It will facilitate the understanding of any laws in science or society. Logic is often needed in everyday life.

The brain needs constant training to maintain its mental activity, to have good thinking and memory. Regular exercise can improve your thinking skills.

Have fun with benefits

1. Start solving logic puzzles for children and adults (puzzles, find 10 differences, attention riddles).
2. Find games that develop attention and logic that you can play with friends and no matter how old you are, it will be fun and have a good time with friends.
3. Use IQ tests. There are interesting tasks that require quite a bit of logical thinking. Although there are many others besides IQ tests.

Educate yourself

For example, you can start with the mega-useful course “Money and the Millionaire Mindset.”

Development of critical thinking

Critical thinking is a step towards active, creative methods. What is critical thinking?

1. Thinking is independent, and the owner puts his own ideas, evaluates the situation, has his own beliefs independently of others.
2. Receiving information is just the beginning, and the end will be processing, that is. generating a complex thought as a conclusion. Another thought is subjected to critical reflection.
3. This kind of thinking starts with asking questions and identifying problems.
4. Critical thinking is convincing arguments, evidence, conclusion.
5. This kind of thinking helps to exchange opinions and points of view.

How to develop critical thinking?

1. Evaluate reality. Reality is a world independent of your desires. Your thinking will be most effective if you learn to understand and “translate” this reality.
2. Mass hobbies. A concept becomes popular, a large number of people accept it, that is, they create a crowd. And there can be no talk of critical thinking there, but only of consistency. Think before you join.
3. Draw parallels between observation and inference.
4. Don't judge a situation or person until you are sure of your information.
5. Don't lose your sense of humor.
6. Be curious. There are many unknown, interesting, shocking things in the world. Having curiosity indicates intelligence. A curious person looks for new ways, ways to solve problems, for example, which gives him new opportunities.
7. Do not give free rein to your emotions, because they can cloud your mind. A striking example is anger, under the influence of which you can do things that you will regret.
8. Don't overestimate your self-esteem.
9. Learn to listen to people.
10. Use your intuition, don't ignore it. Because such thoughts may come to your mind on a subconscious level. This is the result of information that was once received, which you probably no longer remember.

Tasks for the development of thinking

1) What number is hidden under the car?

2) Find the extra figure. Only 15% of people can cope with this task.

3) Where is the bus going?

1. 87, just turn the photo over.
2. The answer is -1, because it is the standard, because the rest of the figures are modifications of it, either the shape, or the color, or the frame has been changed.
3. Even though the bus is moving forward and moving on the right side, as is customary, it is moving to the left. Because the door is not visible.

Development of speed reading

Reading quickly will always allow you to read more interesting and useful books, as well as excellent will develop thinking. Sign up for our Speed ​​Reading course in 30 days. We will teach you not only to read faster, but also to think faster, understand and remember text, as these are the basic requirements for the reading process.

Verbal counting

Learn to quickly and correctly add, subtract, multiply, divide, square numbers, and even take roots. I will teach you how to use easy techniques to simplify arithmetic operations. Each lesson contains new techniques, clear examples and useful tasks.

Money and the Millionaire Mindset

Knowledge of the psychology of money and how to work with it makes a person a millionaire. 80% of people take out more loans as their income increases, becoming even poorer. On the other hand, self-made millionaires will earn millions again in 3-5 years if they start from scratch. This course teaches you how to properly distribute income and reduce expenses, motivates you to study and achieve goals, teaches you how to invest money and recognize a scam.

Development of creative thinking

Creative thinking is thinking in which the owner finds unusual, improved or shorter, better solutions. Creative thinking will allow you to generate new ideas.

Creative thinking will give you the opportunity to try your hand at art. You might be able to find yourself in music or drawing, poetry or something unusual. For example, creating sculptures from scrap materials and so on.

We offer several interesting exercises for developing creative thinking:

1. Find a drama or horror film and remake it as a comedy.
2. Also try the opposite. Turn the comedy into a drama.
3. Come up with a script for the film. Take 2-3 pairs of people who have disagreements with each other and develop this plot.
4. Imagine any person or animal or object that could become a serial killer.

In this way, scripts for films and books can appear. And the process of such a game itself will be fun for you and the circle of people with whom you will try to discuss it. This exercise is more interesting to perform in the company of friends and acquaintances.

Development of thinking in children

The mental activity of a child has a special structure of cognition. When a baby is born, he begins to study everything around him, draw parallels, and look for connections between his discoveries. Gradually developing, the child begins to reason, imagine, a fantasy world appears, and speech not only appears, but also becomes more literate over time.

Anagrams

Gorbov-Schulte tables

Color matrix game

The “color matrix” game will be an excellent trainer for your thinking. A field of cells will open in front of you, each of which will be painted in one of two colors.

Your aim: determine which color is greater. The game, of course, is for a while and therefore you have to try. As the game progresses, the field will expand if the answers are correct or narrow if the answers are incorrect.

Game "Quick Count"

The game "quick count" will help you improve your thinking. The essence of the game is that in the picture presented to you, you will need to choose the answer “yes” or “no” to the question “are there 5 identical fruits?” Follow your goal, and this game will help you with this.

Game "Simplification"

The game “Simplification” is a wonderful simulator, not only for mental arithmetic, but also for logic. You will come across examples both simple and complex. But not everything is so complicated in reality, you just need to figure out how to simplify or find the answer from the proposed answers. To do this, you will have to think logically!

Game "Number Reach: Revolution"

An interesting and useful game “Numerical Reach: Revolution” that will help you improve and develop memory. The essence of the game is that the monitor will display numbers in order, one at a time, which you should remember and then reproduce. Such chains will consist of 4, 5 and even 6 digits. Time is limited. How many points can you score in this game?

Game "Memory Matrix"

"Memory Matrices" is a great game for training and developing memory. In the presented game you will need to remember the placement of the colored cells, and then reproduce them from memory. How many levels can you complete? Remember, time is limited!

Lessons in the development of thinking

A good exercise for creativity, as you finally fill out the field, you will understand how highly developed your thinking is. Below you will see a field of crosses. Your goal is to add a picture to each cross. Thinking, creativity and imagination come into play:

When you fill it out, pay attention to this picture (below), maybe you will find some drawing from the ones you just drew.

Also try a field not with crosses, but with other figures or, simply, with a different blank. These can be triangles, circles, squares, and so on. For example:

And another example:

Exercise - Architect

Imagine that you are an architect. Your goal is to design a house. It doesn’t matter whether you can draw or not, whether you can draw, it doesn’t matter. The essence is completely different and no less interesting. Place a piece of paper in front of you and write ten nouns on it. They can be absolutely anything: Orange, water, tomato, cloud, smoke, and so on... Then the fun begins. These ten words become the customer's terms and conditions. If it's orange, then you can paint the roof of the house orange. Water? Make a river behind the house. Tomato? Paint the floors in your house red. Here your imagination and thinking are unleashed. Try to make it as interesting as possible, make up words as complex as possible.

Technologies for the development of thinking

The technology for developing critical thinking is presented in three stages:

1. Challenge. A gap is sought in previously acquired knowledge or experience, which is now the goal of elimination. That is, a goal is set to close this knowledge gap.

2. Understanding. A person who has a serious goal of developing critical thinking must realize that it is necessary to keep a diary and draw tables in order to determine the level of understanding of a certain topic or information.

3. Reflection. At the stage of reflection, a person forms his attitude towards the text, information, book, picture. This attitude is often written down or discussed with someone. This method will help not only in developing critical thinking, but also in developing communication skills.

Development of thinking in children 4-5 years old

There are good exercises for children to help them develop and train their thinking. These are the simplest exercises that will surely help them think and apply thinking to answer the question. If the child finds it difficult, just push him.

Examples of exercises to develop thinking

Exercise 1. The child’s goal is to find the extra word. Below are rows of 4 words, and one of them is extra and your child must determine which one. Ask him the question “why did he choose this word?”

Birch, pine, linden, apple tree.
Bed, table, chest of drawers, spoon.
Oak, chamomile, rose, tulip.
Fork, spoon, chair, knife.
Candy, soup, halva, jam.
Skirt, hat, dress, slippers.
Apple, beets, pears, grapes.

Exercise 2. You come up with a word for the child, and he answers what this person needs from things. It may not be a person at all, but an animal or a bird, and the child names their elements. For example:

Sparrow - branches, grains, puddle.
Doctor - gown, mask, syringe.
Janitor - broom, bucket, rake.
Small baby - rattle, diaper, pacifier.
Dog - booth, bone, leash.
Seller - cash register, goods, calculator.
Bee - flowers, nectar, hive.
Artist - paints, brushes, canvas.
Mother - ...?
And you will learn a lot of interesting things about your status :)

Exercise 3. Name the components of certain items and objects. The task is very difficult. During the exercise, the child’s vocabulary will be replenished, since not all words are known to him yet, and you will help him with this. So:

Car - wheels, body, headlights, steering wheel (let the child name as many elements as possible) ship - ...
airplane - ...
train - ...
bike - ...
trolleybus - ...
table - ...
armchair - ...
book - ...
computer - ...
guitar - ...
piano - ...
drum - ...
house - ...
fence - ...
flower - ...
tree - ...
mushroom - ...
bug - ...
butterfly - ...
dog - ...
Human - ...
apple - ...
watermelon - ...

Development of thinking in children 6-7 years old

Exercise 1: Which vehicle is the odd one out of the four?

Exercise 2: Logical problem. Petya is stronger than Misha, but weaker than Kolya. Which of the guys is the weakest?

Exercise 3: There are three buckets: green, yellow, blue. Grandfather, grandmother and grandson carried water in different buckets (each with its own color). Grandfather's was neither green nor blue. Grandmother's is neither green nor yellow. What was the grandson's?

It would also be helpful to teach your child how to play chess. This game perfectly develops the sense of thinking, logic, mental calculation and many other senses.

For the game “chess” a lot of problems are constantly being written and invented. For example: checkmate in 1 move or checkmate in 2 moves, this can also happen in 4. The problems are very interesting, and being able to solve them means having good thinking.

Development of thinking in children 8-9 years old

The older the child gets, the more difficult the tasks should be for him. Below are exercises that will help your child tense up, think, reflect and give reasons for his answer:

Exercise 1: What can be common and what is the difference between the following pairs of words?

1. table chair
2. Bird, plane
3. Heaven, earth
4. Day Night
5. Slide, hole
6. skis, skates
7. Tree, bush

Let them explain their position.

Exercise 2: How can you seat 6 children on 2 sofas? How to seat 3 sofas? The answer should be given in numbers, and all possible answer options should be used.

Exercise 3: The child is called a series of words, and the child’s goal is to combine the words into one concept:

1. perch, crucian carp, pike (fish)
2. elephant, giraffe, ant (animals)
3. autumn, summer, winter (seasons)
4. shovel, rake, broom (tools)
5. cheese, sour cream, butter (dairy products)
6. hand, ears, legs (body parts)

Properties of thinking

There are several properties of thinking, which we discussed below:

Speed ​​of thinking

Each person has his own speed of thinking, and therefore each person copes with a task differently. There are techniques for increasing your thinking speed:

1. Do facial exercises, that is. normal warming up of the facial muscles.
2. Stop being lethargic, sleepy and with an expressionless face. The more alive you and your facial expressions, the more alive your thinking!
3. Increase the speed of internal reasoning and thoughts. This will help speed up your thinking.
4. Try to massage your head regularly. Massage stimulates the blood vessels in the brain, which improves their functioning, and at this moment great thoughts may come to your mind.
5. Speed ​​reading training. By perceiving text faster, you not only improve your reading speed, but also your thinking speed. Indeed, if you read faster and remember what you read, then your thoughts also speed up.

Meaningful thinking

The most common type of thinking is internal chatter - this is negative thinking, it “seems to fill” the spiritual emptiness, it is an illusion. This kind of thinking is a problem, an obstacle to concentrating on any task. To keep your thinking clear, you need to perform actions with full understanding of them. It is also advisable to write down thoughts, draw, tell stories to friends, acquaintances, and relatives.

Take Notes and Drawings Get into the habit of expressing your thoughts in writing or drawings. Some people, when explaining or telling something, not only speak, but also draw, that is, they give you a picture and clarify the situation.

Tell your thoughts It will be useful to express your thoughts to others who will be truly interested. Telling this to someone will help you get feedback. Another plus is that the more you tell your thoughts, the more clear they will be for you (if there were any points that were not clear).

DiscussDiscussing thoughts is an effective thing. One head it's good, but two better. The main thing is that the discussion does not turn into a quarrel. If you suddenly do not agree with your interlocutor’s thesis, then make up your own, but do not start a heated argument, but have a calm conversation.

Watch your speech Thinking and speech are closely related to each other. Therefore, in order to contribute to the development of thinking, it is worth constructing your speech correctly. Advice: exclude the words “problems”, “horror”, “difficult”, include “interesting”, “goal”.

Why are speech and thinking closely related? Thinking is fleeting and difficult to remember, but speech is a different story. Speech is memorable and easier to follow. Do you want to improve your thinking? Pay attention to your speech.

Pay attention to other people's speech It is easier to monitor someone else's speech than your own. Because someone else’s speech is something new and all the shortcomings and failures in logic can be heard in it. Studying the mistakes of other people's speech will help you find mistakes in your own speech.

Improve your skills in working with texts Text analysis can be compared to listening to someone else's speech. In both cases, you look for mistakes, roughness and take notes. Improved thinking depends on word processing skills.

Depth and freedom of thinking

People use their thinking in different ways and with varying degrees of freedom. It all depends on the position of perception. Depth and freedom of thinking can be represented in the form of several criteria:

1. Template thinking, as a rule, this is the view of an egoist: “Forgot - it means he doesn’t respect”, “Didn’t kiss - it means he doesn’t love” and so on.
2. My interests: Does this concern me and my plans? “I was cooking dinner, but he didn’t distract me - oh well. If I wanted to kiss, then that’s exactly what I wanted, which means I’ll kiss when he comes.”
3. Interests of loved ones: "He was in such a hurry that he even forgot to kiss me. I love him :)"
4. Objectivity: “The world is a stream of neutral events, nothing serious happened, it was just in a hurry.”
5. Systemic view: He ran to work, takes care of us! My love!
6. Angel Position: My husband works for people, and this is very important. I'm proud of him!

Efficiency of thinking

To create more effective thinking, you need to master meaningful thinking, and then master areas for increasing the efficiency of thinking:

1. Move from your worries to specifics.
2. Replace negative thinking with positive thinking.
3. Find the bridge from right thinking to productive thinking.

Thinking control

Control of thinking is primarily related to the development of thinking and higher functions of human psychology, the development of will and attention.

It happens that useless and unnecessary thoughts are spinning in your head that you want to discard. Don't bother trying to eradicate them, but try:

1. Think positively and constructively
2. Do something so that your thoughts are involved in this activity.
3. Start remembering fun moments, positive stories and pleasant things that will create a good atmosphere.

Courses for the development and training of thinking

In addition to games, we have interesting courses that will perfectly pump up your brain and improve memory, thinking, and concentration:

Money and the Millionaire Mindset

Why are there problems with money? In this course we will answer this question in detail, look deep into the problem, and consider our relationship with money from psychological, economic and emotional points of view. From the course you will learn what you need to do to solve all your financial problems, start saving money and invest it in the future.

Development of memory and attention in a child 5-10 years old

The purpose of the course: to develop the child’s memory and attention so that it is easier for him to study at school, so that he can remember better.

After completing the course, the child will be able to:

1. 2-5 times better to remember texts, faces, numbers, words
2. Learn to remember for a longer period of time
3. The speed of recalling the necessary information will increase

Secrets of brain fitness, training memory, attention, thinking, counting

If you want to speed up your brain, improve its functioning, improve your memory, attention, concentration, develop more creativity, perform exciting exercises, train in a playful way and solve interesting problems, then sign up! 30 days of powerful brain fitness are guaranteed to you:)

Super memory in 30 days

As soon as you sign up for this course, you will begin a powerful 30-day training in the development of super-memory and brain pumping.

Within 30 days after subscribing, you will receive interesting exercises and educational games in your email that you can apply in your life.

We will learn to remember everything that may be needed in work or personal life: learn to remember texts, sequences of words, numbers, images, events that happened during the day, week, month, and even road maps.

Speed ​​reading in 30 days

Would you like to quickly read books, articles, newsletters, etc. that interest you? If your answer is “yes,” then our course will help you develop speed reading and synchronize both hemispheres of the brain.

With synchronized, joint work of both hemispheres, the brain begins to work many times faster, which opens up much more possibilities. Attention, concentration, speed of perception intensifies many times over! Using the speed reading techniques from our course, you can kill two birds with one stone:

1. Learn to read very quickly
2. Improve attention and concentration, as they are extremely important when reading quickly
3. Read a book a day and finish your work faster

We speed up mental arithmetic, NOT mental arithmetic

Secret and popular techniques and life hacks, suitable even for a child. From the course you will not only learn dozens of techniques for simplified and quick multiplication, addition, multiplication, division, and calculating percentages, but you will also practice them in special tasks and educational games! Mental arithmetic also requires a lot of attention and concentration, which are actively trained when solving interesting problems.

Bottom line

In this article, we analyzed the features of thinking, learned how to develop thinking, what browser and board games and exercises help develop thinking.

Alena Ivanovna Zaikova

Development of thinking in children

The very concept of figurative thinking implies operating with images, carrying out various operations (mental) based on ideas. Preschool children (up to 5.5 - 6 years old) have access to this type of thinking. They are not yet able to think abstractly (in symbols), distracted from reality, a visual image. Therefore, efforts here should be focused on developing in children the ability to create various images in their heads, i.e. visualize. Some exercises to develop visualization abilities are described in the section on memory training. We did not repeat ourselves and supplemented them with others.

Insufficient development of abstract logical thinking - the child has poor command of abstract concepts that cannot be perceived with the help of the senses (for example, equation, area, etc.). The functioning of this type of thinking occurs based on concepts. Concepts reflect the essence of objects and are expressed in words or other signs.

Personality development is a process of natural change in personality as a systemic quality of an individual as a result of his socialization. Possessing natural anatomical and physiological prerequisites for the formation of personality, in the process of socialization the child interacts with the outside world, mastering the achievements of mankind. The abilities and functions that develop during this process reproduce historically formed human qualities in the individual. Mastery of reality in a child is carried out in his activities with the help of adults: thus, the process of education is leading in the development of his personality. R. l. carried out in activities controlled by a system of motives inherent in a given individual. The activity-mediated type of relationship that a person develops with the most reference group (or person) is the determining (leading) factor of R. l. According to A.V. Petrovsky, as a prerequisite and result of R. l. needs emerge. At the same time, an internal contradiction constantly arises between growing needs and real opportunities to satisfy them.

Alena Ivanovna Zaikova

Games that develop the thinking of junior schoolchildren

Collection

2 "KP"

Kamyshlov

2014

“Light, come on!”

Goal: formation of thinking skills, development of memory for events.

Material: table lamp or floor lamp.

Progress of the game:

Say: “Light, come on!” – and at this moment turn on the lamp. With the lamp lit, tell your child his favorite rhyme or sing a song. Then say, “Lights, go out!” – and turn off the lamp.

Place your fingers to your mouth and say in a barely audible voice: “It’s time to be silent.” Then say again in your normal voice: “Lights, come on!” - and start the game over. Soon the child will pronounce the necessary words himself.

"Merry Count"

Purpose: warm-up exercise. Can be used to develop thinking and attention in schoolchildren.

To carry out this exercise, a set of cards with numbers from 0 to 9 for each team is prepared in advance. The group is divided into 2 teams. Teamsline up opposite the leader, in front of whom there are two chairs.

Each player receives a card with one of the numbers. After the team leader reads the example, the players with the numbers that make up the result run out to the leader and sit on chairs so that the answer can be read. Let's say this was an example: 16+5. Participants who have cards with the numbers 2 and 1 in their hands should sit on the chairs next to the leader, since the sum of 16 and 5 is 21. The team that managed to do this quickly and correctly earns a point. The score goes up to five points.

"Say the opposite"

Goal: development of thinking and imagination.

Big - small, thick - thin, black - white, hot - cold, empty - full, light - heavy, clean - dirty, sick - healthy, child - adult, fire - water, strong - weak, cheerful - sad, beautiful - ugly, coward - brave.

"Plan of the area"

Goal: Development of teamwork skills.

Material: cardboard playing field, a set of cards with a drawn plan of the area - toy houses, trees, bridges, river, lake.

Conduct: Children are divided into teams and choose any card with a plan and arrange the toys in accordance with this plan.

"Shortening the Story"

Goal: developing organization and increasing clarity, the ability to be distracted from trifles.

Progress of the game: Present it printed or read a short story. Its content must be conveyed as concisely as possible, using only one, two or three sentences, and so that there is not a single extra word in them. In this case, the main content of the story, of course, must be preserved, but minor points and details should be discarded. The winner is the one whose story is shorter while maintaining the main content. It is possible to jointly refine and polish the most successful answers.

"Tree of Wisdom"

Leading. First, let's quickly but carefully read the text. Now everyone writes a note asking a difficult question about the text. After that, wrap the note and attach it to the tree with a paper clip. (The role of the tree can be played by the leader.)

After this, the participants take turns approaching the tree, “plucking” the note and answering the question out loud as completely as possible. The rest evaluate the question and answer.

"Name the objects"

Students take turns naming all the objects that surround them in the classroom or school. Then, according to the teacher’s instructions, they name words on the topics:"Vegetables", "Furniture", "Clothing", "Plants", "Dishes" . Preliminarily talk with the children about the fact that all words can be divided into groups, each group has a name, ask the children why, in their opinion, the words belong to different groups. In the process of children’s answers, help them correctly formulate their thoughts.

"Finish the word"

The teacher pronounces the first syllable of the word, and the children must complete it. One by one, the teacher throws the ball to each child, says the first syllable, the child catches the ball and finishes the word. Then he must throw the ball back. Syllables: ra, go, po, zem, do, la, ka etc.

"Finish the sentence"

This game is played similarly to the “Finish the Word” game, only now the children need to catch the ball and finish the sentence:It’s warm in summer, and in winter...; birds fly, and snakes...; in autumn the leaves are yellow, and in summer...; sugar is sweet, and lemon...; It’s light during the day, but at night...; the crow croaks, and the sparrow...; the driver drives the car, and the pilot … The second version of the game is that children must complete the beginning of the phrase with the words""because"", ""because"": today I am cold because...; Mom is in a good mood because...; the boy was offended by his friend because...If children make mistakes, it is necessary to parse the sentence and find out why the selected word or the end of the phrase chosen by the student is not suitable. It is also necessary to help complete the sentence correctly.

"Guess and name"

It is necessary to name the word according to its meaning.

An inscription on a letter, parcel, telegram, which indicates where and to whom the letter is sent, etc. (Address)

A place where medicines are prepared and sold. (Pharmacy)

Room for parking and car repairs. (Garage)

Fruits and berries boiled in sugar syrup. (Jam)

One who fights the enemy. (Warrior, fighter)

Baby sheep. (Lamb)

Deciduous tree with white bark. (Birch)

A slice of bread with butter, cheese, sausage. (Sandwich)

"Establishing Relationships"

The board on the left shows the relationship between the two concepts. From the row of words on the right, choose one so that it forms a similar relationship with the top word.

school hospital
training doctor, student, treatment, patient

leg hand
boot fist, gloves, finger, bracelet

coat boot
button shop, leg, lace, hat

bird man
nest city, worker, carriage, house

fish fly
network mosquito, room, buzz, cobweb.

"Get it by youself"

In this game, children learn to perform actions by analogy and identify essential features. For the game you will need a selection of unfinished statements, for example: pencil - lead, ballpoint pen - ... (rod);

house - brick, glass -...(glass);
skates - ice, skis -... (snow);
eagle - bird, pike -... (fish);
driver - car, pilot -... (plane);
night – moon, day –…(sun), etc.

"Encrypted Word"

The teacher pronounces the words syllable by syllable. From each word it is necessary to separate the first syllables and form a new word from them, for example:

co los – ro ta, va for (cow),
ma tire – ma Lina (mother),
co ra – lo That, side gray (gingerbread man).
Make a word from the last two syllables:
snakeI– ra ma(pit),
Zee ma- I ma(mother), etc.

"Definitions"

The teacher shows one card on which an object is drawn, and then the second. The goal of the game is for the child to be able to come up with a word that is located between these words and would serve as a kind of “transition bridge” between them. Each child answers in turn. If children cannot understand the tasks, examples should be given. For example, for the words “goose” and “tree” (pictures with images are shown), the following words can be transitional bridges: “fly” (the goose flew up a tree), “cut” (a goose was cut out of a tree ), "hide" (the goose hid behind a tree). If a child finds it difficult to answer after the examples given, he definitely needs to be helped and led to the correct answer.

"Continue the series of numbers"

A series with a specific sequence of numbers is specified. Children must understand the pattern of constructing the series and continue it.

For example, 1, 3, 5, 7… 1, 4, 7… 1, 5, 9… .

"Add-ons"

Children listen to riddle poems and choose the appropriate word.

There is a big fight in the river: two...(crayfish) quarreled.
-Where did the sparrow have lunch? - At the zoo with... (animals).
Ra-ra-ra - begins... (game). Ir-ir-ir - my dad... (commander).
Ry-ry-ry - the boys have... (balls). Ar-ar-ar - hanging on the wall... (lantern).
Ro-ro-ro - Raya has a new ... (bucket). Lo-lo-lo - outside... (warm).
Ru-ru-ru - we continue...(game). Lu-lu-lu - the table is in ... (corner).
Re-re-re - there is a house on... (mountain). Sha-sha-sha - mother washes... (baby).
Ri-ri-ri - on the branches... (bullfinches). Shu-shu-shu - I’m writing a letter to a friend... (writing).
Ar-ar-ar - ours is boiling... (samovar). Zha-zha-zha - there are needles at ... (hedgehog).

« Very, very tasty pie"

The poem is read to the children without finishing the words in the lines; they must choose the word that has the appropriate meaning.

I wanted to throw a ball, But for some reason the guests... When the guests arrived,
And guests to come... I waited until I had enough strength, Even for crumbs... .
I bought flour, bought cottage cheese, then a piece...
Baked it crumbly... Then he pulled up a chair and sat down,
Pie, knives and forks are here, And pie in a minute...

"Words with a given letter"

Children are given the task of coming up with words with a given letter:

a) starting with the letter “p”;

b) ending with the letter "a";

c) the second letter from the beginning of the word “e”. Options may vary.

"What it is?"

Children are asked to explain what a particular word means. For example, “a letter is a piece of paper on which you can write about yourself and send it in an envelope by mail.” Ensure that children give an accurate definition, which contains instructions and individual specific characteristics. The sets of words can be very different:boat, magazine, scarf, loafer, steamer; plane, hammer, book, friend, boots etc.

"Continue the series"

The teacher says one, two, three words. The students’ task is to continue the series of words that the teacher started and identify the sign.

Cup, glass, box,….

Book, stone,...

Wardrobe, cube...