Adjectives. Not all qualitative adjectives are capable of forming short forms due to morphonological or semantic reasons. Adjectives do not form short forms. What are the adjectives in Russian?

Adjective- this is a part of speech that expresses a constant (static) attribute of an object, grammatically manifested in the categories of gender, number and case.

The concept of quality in an adjective can be expressed directly (green oats, deep river, fresh milk) or through relation to other objects (sea wind, indoor plant, buckwheat flour) and through relation to a person or being (Trofima's son, mother's scarf, wolf's eye). By entering into a syntactic relationship with a noun, the adjective answers the question about the subject: which one? which? which? whose? whose? Whether there is a? Unlike nouns, the gender, number and case forms of adjectives are not independent; they agree with the gender, number and case forms of nouns. Some adjectives may have a semantically motivated category of degree of manifestation of a characteristic, which finds grammatical expression in the forms of degrees of comparison (blue - blue - blue, thin - thinner - the thinnest).

Adjectives act as an agreed definition in a sentence, for example: The pearly sky turned the earth into gray tones(M. Kotsyubinsky).

By joining a subject with the help of a connection, an adjective can act as a nominal part of a compound predicate, for example: The mountains were transparent and light in these last days of a clear mountain summer(O. Gonchar).

Classes of adjectives by meaning

According to their ability to express the characteristics of an object directly or through its relation to another object or person, adjectives are divided into categories: qualitative, relative and possessive. There are also some intermediate groups: relative-qualitative, possessive-relative, possessive-qualitative.

qualitative adjectives

Qualitative adjectives express the characteristics of objects directly by their lexical meaning: yellow color, cheerful song, bitter pepper, brave warrior, long journey, dull stomping, pleasant appearance.

Qualitative adjectives at the present stage are perceived as non-derivative words, although in the past they were associated with the names of objects and, therefore, expressed a relative attribute through the object. So, for example, the root of the word white(b * v-l-b) in ancient times meant “light, transparency”, and the adjective lush comes from the verb pykh with the meaning “breathing, puffing.”

Directly detected signs of an object are perceived by the human senses. In modern Ukrainian literary language, qualitative adjectives form several thematic groups, expressing:

1) signs of color, size, weight and external features of an object are perceived by the organ of vision: black, clear, large, wide, heavy, oblique, round;

2) signs of objects by taste and properties that are perceived by the organ of taste: sour, bitter, tasty and etc.;

3) signs of objects by physical properties that are perceived by the organs of touch, hearing, and smell: cold, warm, hard, sonorous, fragrant;

4) physical qualities of humans and other creatures: healthy, thin, fast, blind, bald, slender;

5) mental properties, character traits and other characteristics of a person: angry, soft, sad, kind, smart, determined, persistent, quiet.

Qualitative adjectives have lexical and grammatical features that distinguish them from other categories.

1. The most grammatical feature of qualitative adjectives is their ability to create forms of degrees of comparison. Qualitative adjectives convey characteristics that are of varying degrees in different objects. The manifestation of the intensity of a feature is expressed in qualitative adjectives by grammatical forms of higher and higher degrees of comparison and lexical and word-formation means: the creation of derivative adjectives with suffixes of emotional evaluation (white - white, bilis, whitish; sour - sour, sour, sour).

Intensity characteristics can also be expressed syntactically by adding quantitative adverbs to a qualitative adjective, for example: a little lazy, little active, very happy, very successful, too proud.

2. A characteristic property of qualitative adjectives is also their ability to enter into antonymic relationships (cheerful - sad, hot - cold, sharp - dull, rich - poor).

3. From qualitative adjectives you can create nouns with an abstract meaning (brave - courage, evil - anger, kind - kindness, blue - blue, wide - wide), as well as qualitative qualifying adverbs with the suffix -O or -and (sweet is sweet, quick-witted - deftly, hot - hotter, patient - patiently).

A small group of qualitative adjectives may have a short form, e.g. green - green, clear - clear, worth - worth, small - driben, glad - advice, full - complete, definite - sure.

However, some adjectives may not have all these features. Yes, not all qualitative adjectives can create degrees of comparison (e.g. dead, dumb) Some qualitative adjectives do not form nouns with an abstract meaning (toothy, brown, brown etc.), Only some qualitative adjectives have a short form.

Relative and possessive adjectives do not have any of these properties, since they express the characteristics of objects indirectly through other objects.

relative adjectives

Relative adjectives denote the attribute of an object not directly, but through its relationship to another object, phenomenon, or action.

Expressing characteristics through an object, phenomenon or action or circumstance is a typical indicator of syntactic relationships: paper flowers, porridge with milk, answer to an exam, sleep at night. An adjective, the formative basis of which is a noun denoting an object or a generalized action, expresses a characteristic and logically correlates with the semantics of a syntactic phrase; paper flowers, milk porridge, exam answer, night's sleep.

Relative adjectives have derived stems and arise mainly from nouns with the help of suffixes assigned to this category of words or in a prefix-suffixal way or in stem forms.

The morphological features of relative adjectives do not coincide with the features of qualitative adjectives. Relative adjectives change in gender, number and case, but do not create degrees of comparison. Derivative words with suffixes of subjective evaluation do NOT arise from relative adjectives, nor do nouns of abstract meaning and adverbs of -o, -e.

According to their meaning, relative adjectives are divided into thematic groups, among which the largest quantitatively are:

1) names of characteristics of objects according to the material: stone statue, pottery, wooden bed, thatched roof, calico shirt, hemp linen, cast iron core;

2) names of features based on the relationships of various dimensions of objects: an hour's rest, a kilometer distance, a liter bottle, a ten percent solution, repeated tasks, repeated reminders, two-kilogram weight;

3) names of features of objects by purpose, functions and other features: reading room, trigger mechanism, carbon paper, steel rolling shop, reporting report;

4) names of characteristics of objects according to their affiliation with an institution, organization, etc.: schoolyard "I", collective garden, factory square, institute hall;

5) names of characteristics of objects according to spatial relationships to other objects: suburban area, field brigade, trans-river estuary, near-Earth space, border post, northern region.

Relatively qualitative adjectives

Relative adjectives can become qualitative; Polysemantic words with their direct meaning can remain in the category of relative ones, and on the basis of figurative meanings, high-quality adjectives are gradually created, which at the present stage are still perceived as derivatives.

So, for example, the names of the characteristics of objects according to different relations such as cherry (juice), beet (root), lilac (bush), raspberry (drink) can also be used as names of colors that are directly perceived: cherry scarf, beet cap, lilac shade, raspberry coat.

These color names are already perceived as qualitative adjectives. Relative adjectives, expressing the characteristics of objects by material and other relationships, can also acquire in the context of the characteristics of qualitative adjectives. Compare for example: silver spoon And silver head(gray-haired) wooden table And treesy language(motionless, stiff) parent meetings And parental attitude(sensitive) crystal vase And crystal conscience(especially clean ones).

Some relatively qualitative adjectives, in which the process of semantic transformation has been completed, have the characteristics of qualitative adjectives. So, for example, adjectives creative, picturesque, business, peaceful can form forms of higher and higher degrees of comparison or are syntactically designated by quantitative words: more creative, most creative, less businesslike, least businesslike, too picturesque, very peaceful.

Such adjectives can become the formative stems of nouns with abstract meaning (creativity, picturesqueness) or adverbs (creative, picturesque, peaceful) and enter into antonymic and synonymous relationships.

possessive adjectives

Possessive adjectives express the belonging of an object to a specific person or (less often) animal: father's house, Andreev's brother, Oksana's notebook, directors' order, fox's head.

The meaning of possessive adjectives is the same; they all express the individual attribution of an object to a person or animal. Only in the case of personification of inanimate objects are adjectives with a possessive meaning derived from inanimate names used, for example And for months the father (his name is the sun) lit a pipe(P. Tychina).

Possessive adjectives have their own word-formation types and unique grammatical features. The formative stems of possessive adjectives are only the noun and only the names of creatures (with rare exceptions in the case of personification of inanimate objects). Possessive adjectives arise: a) from names of people using suffixes -ov (-ev), -in (-in): Petrov, Vasiliev, comrades, Sergiev, sisterly, Colin, Maria; b) from animal names using suffixes -ach (y), -yach (y), in (y), -in (yy): dog, chicken, eagle, nightingales Iny.

Rare adjectives derived from animal names contain suffixes -ov than: Soloviev, Kukushkin. Some possessive adjectives have a null suffix, for example: wolf, sheep.

Possessive adjectives, formed from the names of people, in nominative and accusative cases have a short form (Kuznetsov, Ivanov, mother, Maria, daughter), and adjectives derived from animal names have the full form (goose, duck, dog).

If an adjective expresses the belonging of an object to more than one animal, but denotes a general generic attribution or property of a particular animal, then it is included in the category of possessive-relative or possessive-qualitative adjectives.

Compare for example: bear head, eagle beak(possessive adjectives) bear cub fur coat, dog pack, eagle feather(relative) disservice, dog cold, eagle vision(qualitative adjectives).

Those adjectives that are part of phraseological phrases and terminological names do not express the meaning of possessiveness, for example: Achilles's Fifth, Gordian knot, sword of Damocles, Adam's apple, Torricelli's void, Peter's whip(bot.), Beef tongue(dial., name of colors). Adjectives also do not have a possessive meaning; they have become geographical names or surnames, for example Kyiv, Kharkov, Shevchenkovo, Pavlov Yakov, Kovalishin.

Possessive adjectives are used in a conventional style, in the language of fiction and folklore. In other styles of the Ukrainian language, possessive adjectives are rarely used. The meaning of individual reference to a person in scientific, journalistic and other styles of speech is most often conveyed by the genitive case forms of the noun: Franco's works, Lysenko's music, the writer's worldview, the teacher's word, Ignatenko's statement, the director's order.

Possessive adjectives, formed from the names of animals, are relatively rarely used even in colloquial and artistic styles of speech.

Possessive-relative and possessive-qualitative adjectives

In the Ukrainian language, intermediate groups of adjectives are distinguished, combining possessive and relative meanings or acting in the meaning of a directly discovered external characteristic of an object.

Possessive-relative adjectives arise from the names of people, occasionally from the names of animals using a suffix -sk. When joining the suffix forming the adjective stem, the suffix -sk acts as part of a complex suffix -ivsk- or -insk-, For example, admiral - admiral's; Cossack - Cossack, father - parental, student - student, mother - maternal, Malyshko - Malyshkovsky.

Possessive relative adjectives arise from the names of animals with the same suffixes as possessives: -ach- (-yach-), -in- (-in-), occasionally -ov- or zero suffix (veal, horse, cranberry, duck, snake, beef, sheep, eagle).

Unlike possessive adjectives, which express belonging to an individual person (creature), possessive relative adjectives indicate a more general reference, for example Shevchenko places(the area where T. G. Shevchenko was born, lived and studied) girls' group, girls' round dance; eagle seven "I, cranberry key, brutal offspring.

Possessive adjectives include the questions whose? whose? Whether there is a? whose?, Possessive relative adjectives mainly answer the questions which? which? which? which?: girl's lips(whose?), maiden round dance(Which?) grandfather's house(whose?), grandfather's house (whose?, which?), grandfather's legacy(which?) swallow wing(whose?), flipper's nest(which?), swallow shugannya(which?).

Losing the semantic connotation of possessiveness, possessive relative adjectives enter completely into the category of relative adjectives, for example teacher conference, parent committee, fish oil, cow's milk, rabbit fluff, sable collar.

All possessive relative adjectives appear only in their full form.

Possessive-relative adjectives can gradually acquire the meaning of qualitative adjectives. Rethinking this is possible on the basis of figurative meanings of the word. Such adjectives are allocated to a separate group Possessive-qualitative, for example maternal affection, a friendly handshake, grandfather's laws, a brutal look, a wolfish appetite, a hare's soul, ox strength, donkey (donkey) stubbornness and much more.

Adjectives in stable phraseological combinations have the same meaning: calf's business, swan song, Trishkin's caftan, night blindness, Aesop's language, mother's daughter, Promethean fire.

Possessive-relative adjectives, moving into the category of qualitative, acquire some grammatical features inherent in qualitative adjectives. Some of them acquire the ability to be combined with quantitative adverbs, for example: almost bestial look, extremely friendly conversation, too donkey (donkey) stubbornness. From these adjectives, attributive adverbs arise in the suffix-prefix way: in a fatherly way (in a fatherly way), in a maternal way (in a motherly way), in an old-fashioned way, in a beastly way, in a dog way, in a duck way, in a bull way, in a bear way, in a calf way.

Intermediate groups of adjectives are a consequence of the incomplete formation of new semantic shades based on the figurative meanings of the word. The distribution of adjectives and their assignment to certain semantic and grammatical categories can be carried out at the level of basic meanings. And in contextual conditions there are various cases of transition of adjectives from one semantic-grammatical category to another.

Adjective- is an independent part of speech that denotes an attribute of an object and answers questions Which? which? which? which? whose? whose? whose? whose? , which determines the dependence of its main categories (gender, number and case) on the gender, number and case of the noun.

Concept of a sign covers many different meanings: color(green, blue), size(big small), length(long, short), spatial and temporal relationships(coastal, evening), material(wool, bronze), belonging(mother's, uncle's) internal and external qualities(smart, thin), etc.

Initial form the adjective is the nominative singular masculine case.

Syntax function: definition or nominal part of the predicate (in short form), less often - other members of the sentence.

All lesson notes on the topic “MORPHOLOGY: Adjective”:

Places of adjectives (brief overview)

Qualitative adjectives:
1. They have degrees of comparison (lighter, brightest).
2. They have a short form (light - light).
3. Form adverbs (light).
4. Can form (by repeating a word) complex adjectives (blue-blue).
5. They can form adjectives with the prefix ne-(unkind).
6. Form adjectives with a diminutive suffix (cute).
7. You can choose synonyms and antonyms for them (amazing - amazing, wondrous, stunning; good - bad, kind - evil).

Relative adjectives denote the characteristics of an object that are manifested through its relationship to another object (woolen - made of wool, seaside - near the sea, autumnal - related to autumn).

Possessive adjectives indicate a sign based on whether an object belongs to a person (father’s house) or an animal (cat’s house) and answer the questions: whose? whose? whose? whose?

Full and short forms of adjectives

Qualitative adjectives have two forms - full and short. Adjectives in the short form change in number and gender, but do not decline: easy -> easy - easy - easy - easy. In a sentence they are usually part of a nominal predicate: Her movements are smooth and easy.

Adjective categories

Discharge is the only constant morphological feature of this part of speech. There are three categories of adjectives:

Most qualitative adjectives have a full and a short form. The full form changes according to cases, numbers and genders. Adjectives in short form vary according to number and gender. Short adjectives are not inflected; in a sentence they are used as predicates. Some adjectives are used only in a short form: much, glad, must, necessary. Some qualitative adjectives do not have a corresponding short form: adjectives with suffixes denoting a high degree of attribute, and adjectives that are part of terminological names (fast train, deep rear). Qualitative adjectives can be combined with the adverb very and have antonyms. Qualitative adjectives have comparative and superlative degrees of comparison. In form, each degree can be simple (consists of one word) or compound (consists of two words): the harder, the quietest.

relative(answer the question “which one?”)
- relative adjectives have no degrees; indicate the material from which the object is made, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the object: tree - wood, January - January, freezing - frosty;
- most relative adjectives cannot be combined with the adverb “very”;

Relative adjectives denote a feature of an object that cannot be present in the object to a greater or lesser extent. Relative adjectives do not have a short form, degrees of comparison, do not combine with the adverb very, and do not have antonyms. Relative adjectives vary by case, number and gender (singular).

possessive- answer the question “whose?” and denote belonging to something living or a person ( paternal, sisters, fox).

Possessive adjectives denote that something belongs to a person and answer the questions whose? whose? whose? whose? Possessive adjectives vary by case, number and gender (singular).

To assign an adjective to any category, it is enough to find at least one sign of this category in the adjective.

The boundaries of the lexico-grammatical categories of adjectives are flexible. Thus, possessive and relative adjectives can acquire a qualitative meaning: dog tail(possessive), dog pack(relative), dog life(quality).

Agreement of adjectives with nouns

Adjectives agree with the nouns they refer to in gender, number and case.

Example: adjective "blue"
- blue (Singular, m.r., Imp.) house (Singular, m.r., Imp.)
- blue (singular, sr.r., im.p.) sky (singular, sr.r., im.p.).

Declension of adjectives.

The gender, case and number of an adjective depend on the corresponding characteristics of the noun with which it agrees. Indeclinable adjectives are usually in postposition in relation to the noun; their gender, number, and case are determined syntactically by the characteristics of the corresponding noun: red jacket, beige jackets.

solid: red th, red Wow, red wow
soft: syn th, syn his, syn to him
mixed: great Ouch, more Wow, more them.

The declension of adjectives includes changes in numbers, and in the singular - also in cases and genders.

The form of an adjective depends on the noun to which the adjective refers and with which it agrees in gender, number and case.

Short adjectives change only by gender and number.

The masculine and neuter forms differ in the nominative and accusative cases, but are the same in other forms.

There are different forms of the accusative case of adjectives in the singular masculine and in the plural, referring to animate and inanimate nouns:

V.p. = I.p. for inanimate nouns:
- “For the violent raid he doomed their villages and fields to swords and fires” (A. Pushkin);
V.p. = R.p. with animate nouns:
- “Masha did not pay attention to the young Frenchman” (A. Pushkin);
- “And the whole earth should forever glorify ordinary people, to whom I would pour stars into medals for their victories” (V. Sysoev).

Masculine adjectives -Ouch bow in the same way as on th, but always have a stressed ending: grey, young - gray, young - gray, young - about gray, about the young.

The letter designation of the endings of adjectives in a number of cases sharply diverges from the sound composition: white - bel[ъвъ], letn-him - letn [въ].

Declension of qualitative and relative adjectives:

solid declination;
soft declination;
mixed declension.

Hard declension of adjectives

Adjectives with a base on a hard consonant are inclined according to the hard type, except for G, K, X, C and hissing ones: thin, white, straight, dear, boring, stupid, gray, bald, cool, well-fed.

Formation of adjectives

Adjectives are most often formed in a suffixal way: swamp - swamp n y. Adjectives can also be formed by prefixes: Not big, and prefix-suffix ways: under water n y. Adjectives are also formed in a complex suffix way: flax O seed peeler identifiable. Adjectives can also be formed by combining two stems: pale pink, three-year-old.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

General grammatical meaning.
Initial form. The initial form of an adjective is the singular form, nominative case, masculine ( blue).
Constant signs: discharge.
Non-permanent features: used in short/long (only for high-quality ones); degree of comparison (only for high-quality ones); number, gender, case (blue - used in full form, singular)
syntactic role - definition

Transition to other parts of speech

Most often, participles become adjectives. Pronouns can also act as adjectives ( He's not much of an artist).

Adjectives, in turn, can be substantivized, that is, become nouns: Russian, military.

Features of adjectives in other languages

Notes

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Synonyms

See what “Adjective” is in other dictionaries: Noun, number of synonyms: 1 adjective (2) Dictionary of synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013…

Adjective Synonym dictionary - see Adjective...

Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary Part of speech characterized by; a) designation of a feature of an object (quality, property, accessory, etc.) (semantic feature); b) changeability by cases, numbers, genders (morphological feature); c) used in a sentence as a function... ...

Dictionary of linguistic terms

An adjective is a part of speech that denotes a characteristic of an object and answers the question “which”/“whose”. In Russian, adjectives change according to gender, case, number and person, and can have a short form. In a sentence, adjectives can be... ... Wikipedia

A numeral is an independent part of speech, denoting the number, quantity and order of objects. Answers the questions: how much? which? Numerals are divided into three lexical and grammatical categories: quantitative (two, five, twenty, ... ... Wikipedia

It is a separate part of speech, denoting an object and having a developed morphology, inherited mainly from the Proto-Slavic language. Contents 1 Categories 1.1 Number 1.2 Pa ... Wikipedia ADJECTIVE, wow, cf. or adjective. In grammar: a part of speech denoting quality, property or belonging and expressing this meaning in the forms of case, number and (in singular) gender. Full, short adjectives. High quality......

Noun, number of synonyms: 2 name adjective (1) word (72) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Noun, number of synonyms: 1 adjective (2) Dictionary of synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013…

adjective- an adjective is a part of speech expressing the attribute of plurality. th, th (synchronous). skiy (synchronous). participle … Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

An adjective in German is an independent part of speech that answers the questions welche(r, s) or wie. As a part of speech, a German adjective combines three features: semantic, that is, the adjective has qualitative and other... ... Wikipedia

Books

Adjective in the language of Russian poetry of the 20th century Monograph, Panteleev A., Dolmatova A., Text and meaning, expressiveness and intensity, usual phenomena and occasionalisms - this is how one can characterize the main directions of research presented in the book. In the monograph... Category: Literary studies. Folkloristics
Practical grammar in Russian language lessons. In 4 parts. Part 1. Vocabulary. Word composition and word formation. Noun. Adjective. Vulture of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation,

In a sentence, an adjective is most often a modifier, but can also be a predicate. Has the same case as the noun it refers to.

Encyclopedic YouTube

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✪ Russian language. Morphology: Adjective as a part of speech. Foxford Online Learning Center

✪ Russian language 66. Adjective as a part of speech - Shishkina school

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✪ Russian language. 6th grade. Adjective

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Classes of adjectives

Discharge is the only constant morphological feature of this part of speech. There are three category adjectives: qualitative, relative and possessive.

Qualitative adjectives

They denote a characteristic that can be present to a greater or lesser extent. They answer the question “which one?”

As a rule, they have the following symptoms:

combined with the adverbs “very” (and its synonyms) and “too” ( very big, too handsome, extremely smart).
from qualitative adjectives it is possible to form
- compound adjective by repetition ( delicious-delicious, big-big).
- cognate adjective with prefix Not- (not stupid, ugly).
have an antonym ( stupid - smart), and sometimes a hypernym ( big - huge)

Some qualitative adjectives do not satisfy all of the above criteria.

Most qualitative adjectives, and only they, have two forms: full ( smart, delicious) and short ( smart, delicious). The full form changes according to numbers, genders and cases. Short form - only by gender and number. In a sentence, the short form is used as a predicate, and the full form is usually used as a definition. Some qualitative adjectives do not have a short form ( friendly, amiable) . Others, on the contrary, do not have a full form ( glad, much, must, need)

Possessive adjectives

Indicate that an object belongs to a living creature or person ( paternal, sisters, fox). They answer the question “whose?” Possessive adjectives can become relative or qualitative: hare (possessive) fur, hare (qualitative) soul, hare (relative) trace.

General information

Declension of adjectives

Adjectives are inflected by case and inflected by number; in the singular, they are also inflected by gender. The exception is short adjectives and comparative adjectives: they are not declined. In addition, there are a number of indeclinable adjectives: Komi people, khaki, gross weight.

The gender, case and number of the inflected adjective depend on the corresponding characteristics of the noun with which it agrees. Indeclinable adjectives are usually found after the noun; their gender, number, and case are determined syntactically by the characteristics of the corresponding noun: beige jackets.

solid: red th, red Wow, red wow
soft: syn th, syn his, syn to him
mixed: great Ouch, more Wow, more them.

Adjective- This independent part of speech, which indicates the attribute of an object and answers questions "Which?", "whose?" (green, bird, cold, kind).

Adjective indicates the following signs of an object:

item size: narrow, small, low, wide;
physical properties of an object: hard, cold, liquid, sour;
shape and position of the object: upper, round, curved;
abstract properties of an object: smart, funny, dreamy, angry;
spatial characteristics of an object: southern, Tibetan, Scandinavian;

temporary characteristics of an object: early, late, morning, afternoon, winter;
purpose of the item: weaving, military, sleeping;

item material: wooden, iron, gold, paper;

quantitative attribute of an object: double, triple, quadruple;
item affiliation: paternal, grandfather, wolf, fish and others characteristics of the item.

Classification of adjectives.

By value adjectives are divided into three categories:

- qualitative adjectives;

- relative adjectives;

- possessive adjectives.

Morphological features of adjectives.

Adjectives Declined by numbers, genders and cases. Initial form of an adjective is the nominative singular masculine case.

Adjective It has degrees of comparison, and also has full and short form.

Adjective always agrees in gender, number and case with the word being defined.

Classes of adjectives.

As mentioned above, adjectives are divided into three categories: qualitative, relative and possessive.

Qualitative adjective indicates a sign of an object that is accessible to human sensory organs (vision, touch, hearing, etc.).

There are a number parameters by which the adjective indicates a characteristic of an object:

Item size: big, small, huge, wide;

Item Shape: round, square, flat, straight;

Physical properties of an object: liquid, viscous, crumbly;

Item color: white, yellow, red;

Taste of the item: sour, sweet, bitter, salty;

Smell of the item: fragrant, odorous, stinking;

Item weight: heavy, light, weightless, weighty;

Item temperature: cold, hot, cool, warm;

Item sound: ringing, deafening, quiet, loud;

Overall Item Score: harmful, useful, important and etc.

Features of qualitative adjectives.

Qualitative adjectives have a whole list of features and symptoms, among which are the following:

Availability of degrees of comparison:

bright - brighter - brightest - brightest.

Availability of full and short form:

Cheerful is cheerful, kind is kind, fat is fat, single is single.

Note. Adjectives are not inflected by case in the short form.

Ability to form adverbs ending in -e, -o:

Cheerful is fun, good is good, bad is bad.

Ability to form abstract nouns:

Cheerful - fun, kind - good, evil - evil, young - youth.

Ability to form compound adjectives repeating:

Kind-kind, sleepy-sleepy, sad-sad.

Relative adjectives.

Relative adjective indicates a sign that indirectly expresses relation to other parameters:

Face: student life, children's nutrition.

Place: underground river, rural road.

Material: watermelon candy, wood chair, floral aroma.

Time: winter hike, evening jogging

Purpose, action, property: sliding sofa, self-propelled apparatus, ironing board.

There are also many other parameters by which relative adjectives indicate the relationship to other objects.

Features of relative adjectives:

1. They do not form a degree of comparison: a chair cannot be more or less wooden or a spoon more or less tin.

2. Relative adjectives can be replaced by synonymous phrases: chicken soup - chicken soup, feather bed - feather bed made from down.

Possessive adjectives.

Possessive adjective indicates belonging to someone and answers the question "whose?"(whose? whose? whose?):

Wolf fur, dog tail, mother's skirt, girl's braid.

Declension of adjectives.

Declension of adjectives- this is a change in adjectives by cases, numbers and genders. As we have already said, the adjective is inextricably linked with the noun, the attribute of which is indicated, and accordingly, it is controlled by it. This means that the adjective agrees with the given noun in number, gender and case.

This rule does not apply to adjectives in short form - they are not declined by case, only by number and gender.

Masculine singular adjectives endings ending in -й are declined in the same way as adjectives ending in -й:

Good th, winding Ouch- kind Wow, winding Wow- kind wow, winding wow etc.