What is comparison in Russian (examples and definitions)? What is comparison in literature and the Russian language? What are the words of comparison in Russian?

The figurative system of language is based on comparison. But this does not mean that comparison is an outdated trope. On the contrary, it continues to be actively used, largely due to its versatility. With the help of comparison you can describe anything. Even the lack of comparison (“this cannot be compared with anything”, “I have never seen anything like this”, “the human mind is not able to understand this, much less describe it reliably”) can be quite eloquent.

Comparison, as the Literary Encyclopedia says - stylistic device; likening one phenomenon to another, emphasizing their common feature.

In the “Literary Encyclopedia” by V.M. Fritzsche highlights only two types of comparison:

1) direct– i.e. expressed using conjunctions like, as if or as if (they are also called comparative phrases): “Lazily and thoughtlessly, as if walking without a goal, the oak trees stand under the clouds, and the dazzling blows of the sun’s rays light up whole picturesque masses of leaves, casting a shadow as dark as night over others...”(N.V. Gogol, “Sorochinskaya Fair”);

2) and indirect– expressed by a noun in the instrumental case (used without a preposition): “Onegin lived as an anchorite...”(A.S. Pushkin, “Eugene Onegin”).

Actually, these are the two most common types of comparison. You can find quite a lot of comparisons with a comparative turn; it’s worth opening any well-written fiction book. Indirect comparisons are used less often, but they can be used effectively. Some indirect comparisons even turned into phraseological units: “Walks like a ferret", i.e. placing your hands at your sides is important. We could say: "Walks like a freak", but the word “fert” in modern Russian is not used in this meaning, so it will be incomprehensible.

The main thing to remember is that almost any direct comparison can be converted into an indirect one, and vice versa: “Icarus fell like a star” - “Icarus fell like a star.”

However, other types of comparisons can be distinguished, for example M. Petrovsky adds some more types of comparison:

3) Bessoyuznoe when the comparative phrase is expressed in the form of a sentence with a compound nominal predicate. It sounds complicated, but it's actually simple. Examples: My home is my fortress, my teacher is a snake, in the village there is paradise.

4) Negative when the comparison is based on the separateness of similar objects: “Not two clouds converged in the sky, two daring knights converged”. This type of comparison is often used in stylizations of folklore or children's works: « Not in a passenger car, / Not in a shaking cart - / My brother is riding along the pavement / In his own stroller.”(A. Barto). However, there are a number of serious works where negative comparison underlies the entire figurative system. An example from Shakespeare:

Her eyes are not like stars
You can't call your mouth coral,
The open skin of the shoulders is not snow-white,
And a strand curls like black wire.
With damask rose, scarlet or white,
You can't compare the shade of these cheeks.
And the body smells like the body smells,
Not like a violet's delicate petal.
You won't find perfect lines in it,
Special light on the forehead.
I don't know how the goddesses walk,
But the darling steps on the ground.
And yet she will hardly yield to those
Who was slandered in comparisons of magnificent people.

5) So-called "Homeric comparison"- an expanded and detailed comparison, when “The poet deploys them (comparisons), as if forgetting and not caring about the objects that they should depict. Tertium comparationis provides only a pretext, an impetus for distraction away from the main flow of the story.” This distinguishes the style of Gogol and many postmodernists. Russian sentimentalists were guilty of making unreasonable extended comparisons, and this more than once became the subject of ridicule of their contemporaries. But the power of the “Homeric comparison” is actually quite great, the main thing is to be able to use it, not to overdo it and not to “underdo it.” In other words, either make the “Homeric comparison” the basis of the style, or avoid it.

comparison of objects in order to identify similarities or differences between them (or both). It is an important prerequisite for generalization. Plays a big role in reasoning by analogy. Judgments expressing the result of comparison serve the purpose of revealing the content of concepts about the objects being compared; in this regard, S. is used as a technique that complements and sometimes replaces the definition.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

COMPARISON

cognitive operation (logical reflection - I. Kant), through a cut based on a certain fixed. characteristic - the basis of S. (see Relation) - the sameness (equality) or difference of objects (things, states, properties, etc.) is established by comparing them in pairs. Operation S. makes sense only for those objects, “...between which there is at least some similarity” (D. Hume, Soch., vol. 1, M., 1965, p. 103), i.e. is determined in the totality of homogeneous ones in a class. in the sense of objects - those that form a set. The signs (predicates) defined on this set serve as “natural” foundations of S. As a cognitive act, S. should be distinguished from its logical. form, which is common for both elementary (single-act) and complex (multi-act) procedures: in any case, there are only two possibilities - the compared objects a and b are identical (on this basis) or they are different ( for the same reason). If the bases of the difference are such that the difference relation can be considered as ordinal, then the operation of C. is reduced to considering the relations a = b, ab, which are the initial (basic) relations of C. The implicit definition of these relations is given by the axioms of equality (see Equalities in logic and mathematics) and order, and their mutual connection is expressed by the so-called. axiom of trichotomy: a=b or ab. All together they give a system of postulates of S., while the properties of the concepts “=", “” included in these postulates do not depend, of course, on the “quantitative” meaning that is usually attributed to these concepts; We are talking about the ordinal properties of a certain general class of relations (the order of relations in the broad sense; these are not only quantitative, but also qualitative relations of order, for example, on the basis of beauty, dexterity, intelligence, etc.), of which the subject of mathematics. only those for whom it is possible to establish more or less rigorous methods of analysis become analyzed. In any mathematics. theory is an indispensable condition for considering mathematics. objects is the assumption of their comparability. This leads to what is natural to call abstract comparability. On this abstraction is based, for example, the statement, which is fundamental in Cantor’s concept of the set, that any two elements of an arbitrary set are distinguishable from each other. The concept of the sets themselves is based on this same abstraction. We say “abstraction of comparability” because the problem of S. in the general case is by no means trivial, sometimes even simply unsolvable: “Let A be the set of all even numbers greater than 4, and Let B be the set of all numbers that are the sums of two simple odd numbers . We still don’t know which relationship is true: A = B or A? B, and we don’t even know how to approach the solution of this question" (Sierpinsky V., On the theory of sets, translated from Polish, M., 1966, p. 6; about fundamentally unsolvable problems of S. see, for example, in Art. Identity problems). According to Hume, “we can make ... a comparison either when both objects are perceived by the senses, or when neither of them is perceived, or when only one of them is present” (Works, vol. 1, M). ., 1965, p. 169). The discrepancy between these types of S. is manifested in the fact that in both last cases the difference must be considered as a negation of identity, whereas in In the first case, the act of differentiation has an independent meaning and is considered as an independent operation (the idea of mathematics without negation is based on it - see Positive logic. It is obvious that S. at the level of perception does not require any abstractions. . "physical" meaning", but the condition of clarity of S. is constraining for theory. It is in theory, especially in mathematics, that cases are typical (as in the above example with sets A and B) when a visual comparison of objects is impossible (this depends, generally speaking, on the conditions of the task objects) and, therefore, we have to resort to reasoning and, accordingly, to certain abstractions on which we base our reasoning. For example, reasoning about the comparability of the set A1 of all odd numbers greater than 7, and the set B1 of all numbers. being the sums of three odd prime numbers, we base it on the abstraction of potential feasibility, since “... we know a method that makes it possible, by performing certain calculations specified by this method, to decide which of the relations?1? ?1 or?1 = ?1 is true...", although the number of these calculations "... is so great that not a single existing electronic computer would be able to perform them" (Sierpinski V., On Set Theory, p. 7). Based on the principle of excluded middle, we can consider sets A and B from the first example to be comparable, but in this case the abstraction of comparability will depend on the abstraction of actual infinity. In other words, the abstraction of comparability is a non-trivial assumption within the framework of other mathematics. . abstractions. A “practically feasible” operation of S. should not depend on the abstractions of infinity and feasibility. Thus, accepting within the framework of the abstraction of actual infinity that two positive irrational numbers are equal if all the corresponding decimal places of their decimal approximations are the same, We are fully aware that in practice it is never possible to solve the problem of equality of numbers in the indicated sense due to the fundamental impossibility of completing the infinite process C. to end. The basis of S. with such a “Platonist” definition of equality is “involved” in an endless process. In practice, limiting ourselves to approximate calculations, it is necessary to exclude such “infinite bases” of S. by moving to equality in a certain interval of abstraction - pragmatic (or conditional) equality (for the concept of “interval of abstraction” and the related concept of conditional equality, see Art. Principle of abstraction, Identity). It is necessary, for example, to identify an irrational number with its decimal approximation, assuming in the general case the dependence of the equality of substances. numbers from the conditions of interchangeability of their decimal approximations, when the use (substitution) of one of them instead of the other does not violate the given abstraction interval (for example, it provides the degree of accuracy required by a practical task). The endless process of S. is replaced here by the finite method of substitution and experimental verification of its results. Lit.: Shatunovsky S.O., Introduction to analysis, Odessa, 1923, § 6 and 7; Arnold I.V., Theoretical arithmetic, M., 1938, ch. 3. M. Novoselov. Moscow. F. Lazarev. Kaluga.

Comparison- this is a special literary device based on the comparison of two objects or phenomena between which egalitarian relations can be established. With the help of comparison, artistic speech becomes more vivid and expressive, the character of the characters is revealed more fully.

In the literature, comparisons are created in several ways:

Using comparative unions as if, as if, as, exactly etc.

Form of the instrumental case.

Comparative degree of an adjective or adverb.

With words similar And like.

Some comparisons, due to frequent use, have become stable expressions, therefore they have turned from comparisons into phraseological units. For example:

Comparison in Russian means a comparison of various objects or phenomena in order to explain an object with another object or one phenomenon with another phenomenon. In other words, comparison means the likening of one object to another by identifying common features or characteristics.

Here are some examples:

Sunny smile - here the smile is compared to the sun, meaning just as bright and warm.

His eyes are as deep as the sea - his eyes are compared to the depths of the sea;

She is as beautiful as the rose of May - she is compared to the rose of May.

In russian language comparisons(lat. comparatio) is one of the artistic stylistic devices designed to more fully express one’s thoughts so that the reader can vividly imagine the pictures and events being described. This is likening, contrasting two different objects, in order to then assert that they are similar or different, identifying their common features.

1.Simple Comparison Method- with the use of words: as, exactly, as if, as if, as if.

Rose petals turned red on the snow, How drops of blood.

Her eyes sparkled as if diamonds.

She was so thin as if reed

The face was so white exactly carved from marble.

2.Indirect comparison method(used with a noun in the instrumental case)

He lived hamster- He pulled everything into his hole. Compare: He lived How hamster. those. the previous words are not applied, but are implied.

3.Non-union comparisons:

My home is my castle.

4.Comparison by metaphor(Expression used in a figurative sense).

A. Typical metaphor- We read from A. Blok Streams of my poems run - the poems are called streams.

B. Negative metaphor- More often in ancient Russian epics, songs and tales - It’s not thunder that thunders, it’s not a mosquito that squeaks, it’s godfather dragging pike perch from godfather to godfather.

IN. Comparisons - set phrases - comparisons:

Sweet like honey, sour like vinegar, bitter like pepper.

G. Animal comparisons:

Line M.Yu. Lermontov: Harun ran faster than a deer, faster than a hare from an eagle

D. Comparisons are scary visuals:

Fate, you are like a market butcher, whose knife is bloody from tip to handle (Khakani).

The writer's talent manifests itself in the ability to use comparisons, and that is why one person has bright pictures, while another has incoherent babble.

It is the process of comparing several objects and their qualities/characteristics. For example, in literature it is often used to give the story even greater expressiveness.

There are several types of comparisons (for example, using conjunctions AS, AS WHAT, etc.; using metaphors, etc.):

For example,

He is as strong as a bull.

Comparison in any language (and in Russian in particular) is, in essence, rhetorical figure, formed by various linguistic primas. This term can be called both linguistic and literary at the same time. Any trope, including comparison, is studied in vocabulary, but is also used in spoken language and in any other styles; and in fiction.

It can be explained to students this way:

In order to figuratively and beautifully compare two (or several) people, animals, two objects or two qualities, writers and poets use comparisons.

Similes and metaphors are different linguistic concepts, so they should not be confused. Otherwise we will make a mistake.

Since the question was sent to the zone of the Russian language, in particular syntax, then, when considering comparisons, we now need to focus specifically on the linguistic primaries of comparison.

Here are some of my examples with explanations:

Natasha’s cheeks turned pink, as if (as if, like, as if, as if, exactly) two apples (the usual, simplest comparison, using a comparing conjunction).
Natasha's cheeks looked like (resembled) two pink apples (the same simple comparison, but instead of conjunctions there are other parts of speech).
Natasha's cheeks turned pink like red apples (the object with which the comparison is being made is put in the Instrumental case).
Natasha's cheeks and apples became more and more pink (the two objects being compared are connected by a hyphen).
Natasha's apple cheeks were pinker than ever (an unusual definition was used for comparison purposes).

Comparison is a stylistic device in language when a phenomenon or concept is clarified and clarified by comparing it with another phenomenon or concept. Comparisons can be negative and detailed.
Examples of comparisons and ways to express them:
A comparison is a stylistic device that is based on a figurative comparison of states or several objects. Writers very often use comparisons in their works and this expresses their subtext very well. For example, the words of A. S. Pushkin
Also in nature it is very well expressed and applied
Comparison- identification of a common feature by comparing (assimilating) one phenomenon to another. Stylistic device in Russian language and literature. The letter is separated by commas. Comparison can be simple (as if) or indirect.
Comparison in Russian is a stylistic device through which you can describe the properties of one object by comparing its qualities with another. There are various comparison techniques in Russian, for example, using degrees of qualitative adjectives:
- positive degree (qualitative);
- comparative (better quality);
- excellent (best quality).
There is also a figurative comparison. An example of such a comparison can be found in books - this is when a certain object is compared with a certain image. For example: The weather is cold, like winter. Here the word weather is a subject of comparison, and like winter is an image.
Comparison in Russian is the comparison in oral or written speech of two objects or phenomena that have common characteristics. Can also be used to explain one phenomenon in terms of another.
Examples of comparisons.

Equalizing relationships can be established between some objects and phenomena of reality, which is a difficult task for a writer. But in this unusualness lies the whole power of comparison as a stylistic device in artistic speech. A comparison imparts to a phenomenon or concept the illumination, the shade of meaning that the writer intends to give it.

Comparison is a stylistic figure of speech, as are the following figurative devices:

anaphora
epiphora
oxymoron
inversion

The use of comparison makes the perception of speech multifaceted, arouses interest among listeners or readers, helps to penetrate deeper into the meaning of the statement, and gives rise to rich figurative associations.

Ways to Create a Comparison

Comparisons are created in fiction in several ways:

using comparative unions “as”, “as if”, “as if”, “exactly”, “what” (than):

On Red Square, as if through the fog of centuries, the outlines of the towers appear vaguely. (A. N. Tolstoy)

He ran faster than a horse. (A.S. Pushkin)

Dim, long, like branched lightning flashed continuously in the sky. They not only flared, but also fluttered and twitched, like the wing of a dying bird. (I.S. Turgenev)

instrumental case form:

Farewell tears flowed in hail from the chopped old birch tree. (N.A. Nekrasov)

The meadows turned into seas. Not only wild ducks swam there, but also migratory swans. The latter appeared like a fairy-tale vision on the surface of the water, and, enchanted by the dazzling beauty of the mirage, I sat for hours, watching with eyes watery from excitement as these creatures, appearing as if from a fairy tale, circled in the distance, and then, just as suddenly, as befits ghosts, they disappeared (M . Alekseev).

comparative form of an adjective or adverb:

There is no beast stronger than a cat. (I.A. Krylov)

lexically - using the words “similar”, “similar”:

Pyramid poplars look like mourning cypresses . (A. Serafimovich).

It looked like a clear evening... (M. Yu. Lermontov).

A thunderstorm begins with a column of air that forms a swelling white cloud, similar to a head of cauliflower (Z. Aust).

The homeland is like a huge tree on which you can’t count the leaves. And everything that we do good adds strength to him (V. Peskov).

With the help of comparison in literature, the writer reveals the image of the hero more vividly and fully. We read from the classic of Russian literature A.S. Pushkin:

Crazy years of faded fun
It's hard for me, like a vague hangover.
But, like wine, the sadness of days gone by
In my soul, the older, the stronger.

Comparisons are widely used in describing nature:

Below, like a steel mirror,
The lakes' streams turn blue,
And from the stones shining in the heat,
Jets rush into their native depths. (F. Tyutchev)

Let's see how the poet Nikolai Zabolotsky masterfully built the poem “Voice on the Phone” based on comparison in order to vividly and figuratively create the mood of this work and more fully convey his poetic thought to the reader.

He used to be loud, like a bird,
Like a spring, it flowed and rang,
As if pouring out all in radiance
I wanted to use a steel wire.
And then, like a distant sob,
Like a farewell to the joy of the soul,
It began to sound full of repentance,
And disappeared into an unknown wilderness.

Vivid, expressive comparisons give artistic speech a special poetry.

However, some comparisons, as a result of frequent use, have acquired a certain sustainability And reproducibility, that is, they turned into phraseological units:

brave as a lion;
cowardly as a hare;
hungry as a wolf;
beautiful as a god;
devoted like a dog;
died as a hero;
cunning like a fox;
strong as an oak;
light as a feather;
wet as a mouse;
red like a lobster etc.

Give me an example of a comparison in the literature?

.
There are 5 ways to compare.
1) Adverbs of manner of action: The nightingale screamed like an animal, whistled like a nightingale (Bylina)
.
2) Creative comparison: Joy crawls like a snail, grief has a mad run (V, V, Mayakovsky)
3) Combination of the comparative form of an adjective and a noun: Below it is a stream of LIGHT AZURE (M, Yu, Lermontov)
4) Comparative turn: Our river, EXACTLY IN A FAIRY TALE, was paved with frost overnight. (S, I, Marshak)
5) Complex sentences with comparative clauses: Golden foliage swirled in the pinkish water on the pond, LIKE A FLOCK OF BUTTERFLIES FLYING TO A STAR WITH FREEZING. (S, A, Yesenin)

okay comparison
there will be any if used with as for example
water is like glass, for example
There are 5 ways to compare.
1) Adverbs of manner of action: The nightingale screamed like an animal, whistled like a nightingale (Bylina)
.
2) Creative comparison: Joy crawls like a snail, grief has a mad run (V, V, Mayakovsky)
3) Combination of the comparative form of an adjective and a noun: Below it is a stream of LIGHT AZURE (M, Yu, Lermontov)
4) Comparative turn: Our river, EXACTLY IN A FAIRY TALE, was paved with frost overnight. (S, I, Marshak)
5) Complex sentences with comparative clauses: Golden foliage swirled in the pinkish water on the pond, LIKE A FLOCK OF BUTTERFLIES FLYING TO A STAR WITH FREEZING. (S, A, Yesenin)

This comparison is a comparison. A comparison is a trope in which the text contains a basis for comparison and an image of comparison; sometimes a sign can be indicated. Thus, in the example of God’s name as a big bird (O. E. Mandelstam), God’s name (the basis of the comparison) is compared with a bird (the image of the comparison). The characteristic by which the comparison is made is wingedness. Literary scholars distinguish several types of comparisons. Types of comparisons1. Comparison expressed using comparative conjunctions as, as if, as if, exactly, like and others. For example, B. L. Pasternak uses the following comparison in the poem: The kiss was like summer. 2. Comparison expressed using adjectives in the comparative degree. In such phrases you can add the words it seems, it seems...
what kind of trope is this - the sixth land was larger than the previous one
I do not know what it is
if used with as for example
water is like glass, for example
Around the tall brow, like clouds, the curls turn black. (Pushkin)
The first star sparkled brightly in the sky, like a living eye. (Goncharov)
His existence is enclosed in this tight program, like an egg in a shell. (Chekhov)
And slender reapers with short hems, (comparison) -
Like flags on a holiday, they fly in the wind.
“And the three, led by a furious, red-hot priest, went dancing around and around. Then the priest, (comparison) - like a big heavy beast - again jumped into the middle of the circle, bending the floorboards "

Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets,
The snow lies shining in the sun. here the snow is compared to carpets

Eyes, (comparison) like the sky, blue; The leaves are yellow, (comparison) like gold

The forest is like a painted tower (comparison)
Lilac, gold, crimson,
A cheerful, motley wall
Stands above a bright clearing. (I. A. Bunin “Falling Leaves”)
Dick, sad, silent,
Like a forest deer (comparison), timid,
She is in her own family
The girl seemed like a stranger. (A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”)
Description of the painting by N. P. Krymov “Winter Evening”. I really liked the painting by artist N.P. Krymov Winter Evening. It depicts an unusual winter season in a small village. In the foreground we see a frozen river. Near the shore of the reservoir you can see islands of shallow water, and on the very shore there are small bushes and several small birds. In the background, an excellent master of the brush depicted a winter village, behind which appears a dark green forest consisting of strong oaks and pines. The snow around is a soft bluish hue. You can also see that people are walking home along a narrow path, and in the windows of one of the houses there are reflections of the bright winter sun. This picture gives me a feeling of serenity, calm, warmth, some kind of comfort, even though the picture depicts winter.
yeah, wait a minute

What is an epithet? [Lectures on literature]

M. Petrovsky. Literary Encyclopedia: Dictionary of Literary Definitions: In 2 volumes / Edited by N. Brodsky, A. Lavretsky, E. Lunin, V. Lvov-Rogachevsky, M. Rozanov, V. Cheshikhin-Vetrinsky. - M.; L.: Publishing house L. D. Frenkel, 1925.

See what a comparison is in other dictionaries:

Comparison is cognizant. an operation underlying judgments about the similarity or difference of objects; with the help of S. quantities are identified. and properties. properties of objects, the content of being and knowledge is classified, ordered and evaluated. Match#8230; ... Philosophical Encyclopedia.

Comparison - Comparison (Latin comparatio, German Gleichnis), as a term of poetics, means a comparison of the depicted object or phenomenon with another object according to a characteristic common to both of them, the so-called. tertium comparationis, i.e., the third element of comparison.#8230; ... Dictionary of literary definitions.

Comparison - Comparison, comparisons, cf. 1. Action under Ch. compare compare1. Comparison of the copy with the original. It cannot be compared. || The result of this act is named, designated similarities. Failed matching. Clever comparison. What is it#8230; ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary.

comparison - Reconciliation, juxtaposition, juxtaposition, identification, assimilation, parallel. Wed ... Dictionary of synonyms.

comparison is one of the logical operations of thinking. Tasks on the syntax of objects, images, and concepts are widely used in psychological studies of the development of thinking and its disorders. The bases for S., which are used by a person, are analyzed, ease#8230; ... Great psychological encyclopedia.

comparison - 1. COMPARISON see Compare. 2. COMPARISON; COMPARISON, i; Wed 1. to Compare. S. Slavic languages with Germanic. You lose a lot by comparing with him. 2. A word or expression containing the likening of one object to another, one situation to another... Encyclopedic Dictionary.

Comparison - Comparison Comparaison A comparison by linguistic means of two different objects, either with the aim of emphasizing their similarity or difference, or, in poetry, with the aim of evoking the image of one by naming the other. If the comparison is implicit, we are talking about a metaphor... Sponville's Philosophical Dictionary.

COMPARISON is a relationship between two integers a and b, meaning that the difference a b of these numbers is divided by a given integer m, called the comparison modulus; written a? b (mod m). E.g. 2 ? 8(mod3), because 2 8 is divisible by 3... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary.

COMPARISON - COMPARISON, I, cf. 1. see compare. 2. A word or expression containing the likening of one object to another, one situation to another. Witty s. Compared to whom (what), sentence. with creativity comparatively, comparing, contrasting whom that n. with whom what#8230; ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary.

COMPARISON - English comparison; German Vergleich. The cognitive operation underlying judgments about the similarity or difference of objects, with the help of a swarm, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of objects are revealed, the signs that determine their possible#8230; ... Encyclopedia of Sociology.

comparison- COMPARISON is the operation of comparing several objects in order to determine the degree of their mutual similarity. It is applicable only to objects that have some common feature, considered as the basis of S. In the field of scientific research, S.#8230; ... Encyclopedia of Epistemology and Philosophy of Science.

Abstracts

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To the question of what a comparison is in literature, the short answer is that it is a trope, that is, a special one. This technique is based on displaying certain properties of the described object or phenomenon by comparing these characteristics with others, based on how they are seen or perceived by others or individually the author himself.

Components of comparisons

This trope is characterized by the presence of three components: the object or phenomenon being described, the object with which it is compared, and the basis for the analogy, that is, a common feature. An interesting fact is that the name itself, an indication of this general feature, may be omitted from the text. But the reader or listener still perfectly understands and feels what the author of the statement wanted to convey to the interlocutor or reader.

However, the very understanding of the definition, which explains what comparison is in the literature, does not yet give a complete picture without examples. And here a clarification immediately arises: with the help of what parts of speech and in what forms do authors form these tropes?

Types of comparisons in literature for nouns

Several types of comparisons can be distinguished.

Comparisons of modus operandi in the literature

Typically, such constructions involve verbs and adverbs, nouns or whole phrases and

Why are comparisons needed in literature?

Having understood the question of what comparison is in literature, it is necessary to understand: are they necessary? To do this, you should do a little research.

Here is where comparisons are used: “The dark forest stood as if after a fire. The moon was hiding behind the clouds, like covering its face with a black scarf. The wind seemed to have fallen asleep in the bushes.”

And here is the same text in which all comparisons have been removed. “The forest was dark. The moon was hiding behind the clouds. Wind". In principle, the meaning itself is conveyed in the text. But how much more figuratively the picture of the night forest is presented in the first version than in the second!

Are comparisons necessary in ordinary speech?

Some may think that comparisons are necessary only for writers and poets. But ordinary people don’t need them at all in their ordinary lives. This statement is absolutely false!

At a doctor’s appointment, the patient, describing his feelings, will definitely resort to comparisons: “The heart hurts... It’s as if it’s cutting with a knife, and then it’s as if someone is squeezing it into a fist...” A grandmother, explaining to her granddaughter how to make dough for pancakes, is also forced to compare : “Add water until the dough looks like thick sour cream.” Mom wearily pulls back the overly amused baby: “Stop jumping around like a hare!”

Probably, many will object that the article is devoted to comparisons in literature. What does our everyday speech have to do with it? Be proud, common people: many people speak using literary speech. Therefore, even vernacular is one of the layers of literature.

Comparisons in the specialized literature

Even technical texts cannot do without comparisons. For example, in order not to repeat the process already described above in a recipe for cooking fried fish, for shortening, the author often writes: “Fish should be fried in the same way as cutlets.”

Or in a manual for people learning the basics of construction from plywood or wood, you can find the phrase: “You screw in self-tapping screws with a drill in the same way as you screw them out. Just before work you should set it to the desired mode.”

Comparisons are a necessary technique in literature of various directions. The ability to use them correctly distinguishes a cultured person.